An diofar eadar na mùthaidhean a rinneadh air "The Imperative or How to order people around"
| Loidhne 15: | Loidhne 15: | ||
If a basic verb phrase includes a preposition, this is usually dropped in the imperative, e.g. | If a basic verb phrase includes a preposition, this is usually dropped in the imperative, e.g. | ||
| − | + | {| style="width: 50%;" border="0" align="center" | |
| − | + | |- | |
| − | + | | éist ri rudeigin || listen to something! | |
| − | + | |- | |
| − | feuch ri | + | | éist seo! || listen to this! |
| − | + | |- | |
| − | + | | éistibh seo! || listen to this! (to more than one) | |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | feuch ri rudeigin || try something! | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | feuch seo! || try this! | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | feuchaibh seo! || try this! (to more than one) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |} | ||
Emphasis is expressed by using the emphasized personal pronouns, e.g. | Emphasis is expressed by using the emphasized personal pronouns, e.g. | ||
| − | + | {| style="width: 50%;" border="0" align="center" | |
| − | + | |- | |
| − | + | | éist thusa seo! || you listen to this! | |
| − | feuch thusa seo! | + | |- |
| − | feuchaibh sibhse seo! | + | | éistibh sibhse seo! || you guys listen to this! |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | feuch thusa seo! || you try this! | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | feuchaibh sibhse seo! || you guys try this! | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | There are also imperative forms for the first and third persons singular and plural. | + | There are also imperative forms for the first and third persons singular and plural. These carry a sense of encouragement or request, best translated as 'let ...' - also referred to as subjunctive forms. The third person is always followed by a personal pronoun. Thus the full paradigm of suffixes is: |
| − | + | {| style="width: 50%;" border="0" align="center" | |
| − | -(e)am | + | |- |
| − | - | + | | -(e)am || 1st Person Singular || let me ...! |
| − | -(e)adh e/i | + | |- |
| − | -(e)amaid | + | | || 2nd Person Singular || ...! |
| − | -(a)ibh | + | |- |
| − | -(e)adh iad | + | | -(e)adh e/i || 3rd Person Singular || let him/her ...! |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | -(e)amaid || 1st Person Plural || let us ...! | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | -(a)ibh || 2nd Person Plural || you guys ...! | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | -(e)adh iad || 3rd Person Plural || let them ... | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |} | ||
Examples (NB: 'let' in the imperative does not carry the meaning of 'give permission' but more like a suggestion or encouragement, like in English 'let's go!' or à la Marie Antoinette 'let them eat cake!') | Examples (NB: 'let' in the imperative does not carry the meaning of 'give permission' but more like a suggestion or encouragement, like in English 'let's go!' or à la Marie Antoinette 'let them eat cake!') | ||
Mùthadh on 03:07, 31 dhen Fhaoilleach 2012
The imperative is the form of verbs used to give commands or to forbid something (in the negative). In Gaelic it corresponds to the citation form of verbs, i.e. the form of a the verb you will find in a dictionary. To give a command to more than one addressee, the suffix -(a)ibh [ɪv] is added to the root, e.g.
| glan seo! | clean this! |
| glanaibh seo! | clean this! (to more than one) |
| ith seo! | eat this! |
| ithibh seo! | eat this! (to more than one) |
If a basic verb phrase includes a preposition, this is usually dropped in the imperative, e.g.
| éist ri rudeigin | listen to something! |
| éist seo! | listen to this! |
| éistibh seo! | listen to this! (to more than one) |
| feuch ri rudeigin | try something! |
| feuch seo! | try this! |
| feuchaibh seo! | try this! (to more than one) |
Emphasis is expressed by using the emphasized personal pronouns, e.g.
| éist thusa seo! | you listen to this! |
| éistibh sibhse seo! | you guys listen to this! |
| feuch thusa seo! | you try this! |
| feuchaibh sibhse seo! | you guys try this! |
There are also imperative forms for the first and third persons singular and plural. These carry a sense of encouragement or request, best translated as 'let ...' - also referred to as subjunctive forms. The third person is always followed by a personal pronoun. Thus the full paradigm of suffixes is:
| -(e)am | 1st Person Singular | let me ...! |
| 2nd Person Singular | ...! | |
| -(e)adh e/i | 3rd Person Singular | let him/her ...! |
| -(e)amaid | 1st Person Plural | let us ...! |
| -(a)ibh | 2nd Person Plural | you guys ...! |
| -(e)adh iad | 3rd Person Plural | let them ... |
Examples (NB: 'let' in the imperative does not carry the meaning of 'give permission' but more like a suggestion or encouragement, like in English 'let's go!' or à la Marie Antoinette 'let them eat cake!')
òladh ise uisge! let her drink water!
òlamaid uisge! let us drink water!
The negative is formed by putting na in front of the imperative forms. Na prefixes h- to a verb beginning with a vowel, e.g.
na glan seo! do not clean this!
na glanaibh seo! do not clean this! (to more than one)
na h-ith seo! do not eat this!
na h-ithibh seo! do not eat this! (to more than one)
There are a few verbs which are only used in the imperative:
thugainn/thugnaibh let's go!
trobhad/trobhadaibh come along!
siuthad/siuthadaibh go on, carry on, go for it!
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