An diofar eadar na mùthaidhean a rinneadh air "An Tràigh"

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(Rinn an cleachdaiche 100 mùthadh eadar-mheadhanach nach eil 100 'gan sealltainn)
Loidhne 1: Loidhne 1:
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Habemus infinitivum necne
 
  
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No, not showing off, I had to ask a friend to correct my Latin (it's been a long time!) and there's a reason for the Latin name to the page. Here's a clue, it loosely translates as ''We have an infinitive, or do we?''.
 
  
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==First things first==
 
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What's an infinitive and would it go with a glass of Château Musar? Probably as to the latter. As to the former, it's actually hard to say what it exactly is because the definition of ''the infinitive'' varies slightly depending on which language you're looking at.
 
  
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Coming at it from English, the infinitive is often described as the ''dictionary form'' (also called the ''citation form'') - for example ''to go'' or, dropping the ''to'', simply ''go''. It gets more complicated than that but I want to sidestep the definition of what the infinitive precisely is in English because it's a bit of a head-bender (and that's me you're talking to!) - plus it's not really a helpful concept for Gaelic as we'll see.
 
  
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So anyway, this thing called the infinitive crops up in many European languages. For example in Spanish, the basic form of verbs (those ending in ''-ir, ''-er'' or ''-ar'') is referred to as the infinitive (this also being the form you look for in the dictionary). For example ''morir'' "(to) die" or ''masticar'' "(to) chew". In German, the equivalent is ''-en'', for example ''bedienen'' "(to) serve" or ''verniedlichen'' "(to) make cute". And so on.
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d' fhaicinn-sa vs thusa fhaicinn
  
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==What's the attraction?==
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==Cn medially==
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Well... the infinitive is the basis for inflection on the whole (if the language in question inflects the language). Ignoring irregular verbs, if in English you know ''(to) place'' then you know that by adding ''-(e)d'' you get the past, by adding ''-(e)s'' you get the he/she/it form (''he/she/it places'') and by adding ''-ing'' you get the participle (''placing'').
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coisneadh written coisreadh (CMacL)
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MacRìll < MacNill (CmacL)
  
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You can also use them to make ungrammatical but somewhat intelligible sentences if you're not fluent. So something like ''I place money here yesterday'' or ''Ich lesen Buch'', while not grammatical, can be understood. Which is why the infinitive is one of the first verb forms learners of English, German, Spanish or French learn, it allows you to say a lot relatively fast.
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==eadh (gen)==
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* na h-acainne bigeadh
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* aig taobh creigeadh mòireadh
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* Fionnlagh na Plaide Bàineadh
  
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==What about languages which are not English?==
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==lenition of English words==
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Depends. Some languages outside the Indo-European family entertain the idea of an infinitive. Others go even further and don't inflect at all - such as Cantonese where the verb 生 (''sāng'' "to give birth) does not change at all. No endings, no prefixes, no suffixes, no he/she/it -s ... nothing like that. You can add a word like 咗 (''jó'') to indicate that this was in the past but ''jó'' is seen as an independent word, not part of ''sāng''.
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* k/c a Kathy /ə xæθɪ/
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* t mo thorch /mɔ hɔrtʃ/, two tickets /daː hɪkɪts/
  
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And then there are languages which entertain neither concept. Many Native American languages have nothing even approaching an English infinitive, as in, something that is wholly un-inflected, un-changed and basic. So what happens in a Lakhóta dictionary then, you might ask? No sweat. Lakhóta considers the most basic form of a verb to be the 3rd person singular. So while an English dictionary will list ''(to) sing'', Lakhóta will list ''lowáŋ'' "he/she/it sings". Because if you look at the whole shebang, you'll see this is the form with the least amount of 'bits' stuck ok:
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==lowercase initials in other languages==
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{| class="wikitable"
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*iPad
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|-
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*Noongwa e-Anishinaabemjig
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| walowáŋ
 
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| I sing
 
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|-
 
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| yalowáŋ
 
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| you sing
 
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|-
 
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| lowáŋ
 
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| he/she/it sings
 
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|-
 
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| uŋlowáŋ
 
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| we two sing
 
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|-
 
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| uŋlowáŋpi
 
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| we (more than two) sing
 
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|-
 
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| yalowáŋpi
 
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| you (plural) sing
 
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|-
 
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| lowáŋpi
 
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| they sing
 
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|-
 
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|}
 
  
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==non-Gaelic letter combos==
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* bb cc dd ff gg mm aa oo pp ss tt oa oe eau j k q v w x y z ou au ee ie ii ue uo uu bd bg bc
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but careful of possible junctures
  
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==strange semantic ranges==
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usually from English perspective
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*amasach
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*càirdeas
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*cearrachd
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*eug-samhail
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*fàsach
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*fulangach
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*grìosad
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*guidhe
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*sonn
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*toirteil
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*bho chionn goirid
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*astar
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*spearrach
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*siobhag
  
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==stuff that breaks and stuff that doesn't==
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*Comann Uibhist is Bharraidh
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*nighean donn bhòidheach
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==weird autocorrect==
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* bu mhath bum hath
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* cothrom coatroom
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* farsainge far-seeing
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* toilichte toilette
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==weird words==
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*di-theine, di-theallaich
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*di-beatha, di-beathte
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*de-theodha
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*de-tibheach (i-tibheach, le-tibheach...)
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==verbs with prefixes==
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* agus dhubh dh'fhairlich orm
  
  

Am mùthadh mu dheireadh on 18:55, 28 dhen Dùbhlachd 2021



d' fhaicinn-sa vs thusa fhaicinn

Cn medially

coisneadh written coisreadh (CMacL) MacRìll < MacNill (CmacL)

eadh (gen)

  • na h-acainne bigeadh
  • aig taobh creigeadh mòireadh
  • Fionnlagh na Plaide Bàineadh

lenition of English words

  • k/c a Kathy /ə xæθɪ/
  • t mo thorch /mɔ hɔrtʃ/, two tickets /daː hɪkɪts/

lowercase initials in other languages

  • iPad
  • Noongwa e-Anishinaabemjig

non-Gaelic letter combos

  • bb cc dd ff gg mm aa oo pp ss tt oa oe eau j k q v w x y z ou au ee ie ii ue uo uu bd bg bc

but careful of possible junctures

strange semantic ranges

usually from English perspective

  • amasach
  • càirdeas
  • cearrachd
  • eug-samhail
  • fàsach
  • fulangach
  • grìosad
  • guidhe
  • sonn
  • toirteil
  • bho chionn goirid
  • astar
  • spearrach
  • siobhag

stuff that breaks and stuff that doesn't

  • Comann Uibhist is Bharraidh
  • nighean donn bhòidheach

weird autocorrect

  • bu mhath bum hath
  • cothrom coatroom
  • farsainge far-seeing
  • toilichte toilette

weird words

  • di-theine, di-theallaich
  • di-beatha, di-beathte
  • de-theodha
  • de-tibheach (i-tibheach, le-tibheach...)

verbs with prefixes

  • agus dhubh dh'fhairlich orm


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e 0 1601-08-13 sorted.
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