An diofar eadar na mùthaidhean a rinneadh air "l n r"
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(24 mùthadh eadar-mheadhanach le 3 cleachdaichean eile nach eil 24 'gan sealltainn) | |||
Loidhne 1: | Loidhne 1: | ||
Except for a small group of exceptions, all sonorants have their ''strong'' value at the beginning of words. | Except for a small group of exceptions, all sonorants have their ''strong'' value at the beginning of words. | ||
− | == | + | ==l sounds== |
− | [[File:lnr01. | + | [[File:lnr01.mp3]]<br />There are 3 different l sounds: |
− | There are 3 different | ||
{| style="width: 50%;" border="0" | {| style="width: 50%;" border="0" | ||
|- | |- | ||
Loidhne 56: | Loidhne 55: | ||
| || || '''[kaiLʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">caill</span> || lose! | | || || '''[kaiLʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">caill</span> || lose! | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | || || '''[kɤiLʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;"> | + | | || || '''[kɤiLʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">coill</span> || forest |
|- | |- | ||
| || || '''[saiLʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">saill</span> || salt! | | || || '''[saiLʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">saill</span> || salt! | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | [l] || | + | | [l] || Non-initial slender l || '''[balə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">baile</span> || village |
|- | |- | ||
| || || '''[kalag]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">caileag</span> || girl | | || || '''[kalag]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">caileag</span> || girl | ||
Loidhne 74: | Loidhne 73: | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | Note: the preposition le and its prepositional pronouns (leam, leat, leis, leatha, leinn, leibh, leotha | + | Note: the preposition <span style="color: #008000;">le</span> and its prepositional pronouns (<span style="color: #008000;">leam, leat, leis, leatha, leinn, leibh, leotha</span>) are pronounced as [l], not [Lʲ]. |
− | |||
− | + | ==n sounds== | |
− | + | [[File:lnr02.mp3]]<br />There are 3 different n sounds: | |
− | + | {| style="width: 50%;" border="0" | |
− | + | |- | |
− | + | ! Sound | |
− | n | + | ! Position |
− | + | ! Example | |
+ | ! Gaelic | ||
+ | ! English | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [N] || Initial broad n || '''[Naːbɪ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">nàbaidh</span> || neighbour | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[Nahɪrʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">nathair</span> || snake | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[Nɯːv]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">naomh</span> || holy | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[Nasg]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">nasg</span> || tie-band | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[Nɔxg]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">nochd</span> || appear | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[NɔLɪgʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">Nollaig</span> || Christmas | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || Broad nn || '''[aNə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">Anna</span> || Ann(e) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[kʲaNɪç]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">ceannaich</span> || buy! | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[bjaNəxg]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">beannachd</span> || blessing | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[auN]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">ann</span> || in him | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[tʲauN]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">teann</span> || tight | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[kʲauN]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">ceann</span> || head (n.) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [Nʲ] || Initial slender n || '''[NʲiəL]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">Niall</span> || Neil | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[Nʲi.ə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">nighe</span> || washing | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[Nʲed]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">nead</span> || nest (n.) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[Nʲi]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">nigh</span> || wash! | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[Nʲax]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">neach</span> || person | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[Nʲihan]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">nighean</span> || daughter | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || Slender nn || '''[faːNʲə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">fàinne</span> || ring (n.) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[baNʲə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">bainne</span> || milk (n.) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[ʃeiNʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">seinn</span> || sing! | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[tʲiNʲə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">tinne</span> || sicker | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[biNʲə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">binne</span> || sweeter | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[kaiNʲdʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">cainnt</span> || speech | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [n] || Non-initial slender & broad n || '''[dɔnə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">dona</span> || bad | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[sɔnə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">sona</span> || happy | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[anam]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">anam</span> || soul | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[banal]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">banail</span> || feminine | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[dʲiənəv]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">dèanamh</span> || doing | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[ʃin]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">sin</span> || that | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[miːn]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">mìn</span> || soft | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[ɛnɛm]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">ainm</span> || name (n.) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[uən]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">uain</span> || lamb (n.) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[kɔn]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">coin</span> || dogs | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | Note: some dialects pronounce non-initial slender <span style="color: #008000;">n</span> as [Nʲ] (i.e. like slender <span style="color: #008000;">nn</span>) rather than [n]: | ||
+ | |||
+ | {| style="width: 50%;" border="0" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [Nʲ] || || '''[ʃiNʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">sin</span> || that | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[miːn]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">mìn</span> || soft | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[ɛNʲɛm]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">ainm</span> || name (n.) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[uəNʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">uain</span> || lamb (n.) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[kɔNʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">coin</span> || dogs | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==r sounds== | ||
+ | [[File:lnr03.mp3]]<br />There are 3 different r sounds: | ||
+ | {| style="width: 50%;" border="0" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | ! Sound | ||
+ | ! Position | ||
+ | ! Example | ||
+ | ! Gaelic | ||
+ | ! English | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [R] || Initial broad & slender r || '''[Rɔh]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">roth</span> || wheel (n.) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[Rɔːn]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">ròn</span> || seal | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[Rɔb]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">Rob</span> || Rob | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[Ruərɪ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">Ruaraidh</span> || Rory | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[RuNag]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">rionnag</span> || star | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[Rixg]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">riochd</span> || appearance | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || Broad & slender rr || '''[baːR]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">barr</span> || top | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[kɔːR]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">corr</span> || rest (n.) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[kɔRəx]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">corrach</span> || uneven | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[kaRɛgʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">carraig</span> || rock | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[kuRan]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">curran</span> || carrot | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[uRə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">urra</span> || individual | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [r] || Non-initial broad r || '''[aran]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">aran</span> || bread | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[ɔːran]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">òran</span> || song | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[dʲɛrɛg]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">dearg</span> || red | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[kur]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">cur</span> || putting | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[marav]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">marbh</span> || dead | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[kar]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">car</span> || twist (n.) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | [rʲ] || Non-initial slender r || '''[arʲə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">aire</span> || attention | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[arʲɪ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">airidh</span> || deserving | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[furʲəx]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">fuireach</span> || living, staying | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[kurʲɪ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">cuiridh</span> || will put | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || || '''[ɛrʲɛgʲəd]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">airgead</span> || money | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
− | Note: | + | Note: the preposition <span style="color: #008000;">ri</span> and its prepositional pronouns (<span style="color: #008000;">rium, riut, ris, rithe, riutha</span> etc.) are normally pronounced as [rʲ]. |
− | |||
− | + | <br /> | |
− | + | <br /> | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | {{Fuaimean}} |
Am mùthadh mu dheireadh on 16:12, 16 dhen Fhaoilleach 2016
Except for a small group of exceptions, all sonorants have their strong value at the beginning of words.
l sounds
There are 3 different l sounds:
Sound | Position | Example | Gaelic | English |
---|---|---|---|---|
[L] | Initial broad l | [La.ə] | latha | day |
[Lɔx] | loch | loch (lake) | ||
[Luːb] | lùb | bend! | ||
[Laːdʲɪrʲ] | làidir | strong | ||
Broad l and ll elsewhere | [gLan] | glan | clean (adj.) | |
[bLaː] | blàth | warm (adj.) | ||
[baLəx] | balach | boy | ||
[faLu] | falamh | empty (adj.) | ||
[kadəL] | cadal | sleep (n.) | ||
[baLə] | balla | wall (n.) | ||
[faLaNʲ] | fallain | healthy | ||
[pɔbəL] | poball | population | ||
[Lʲ] | Initial slender l | [Lʲiən] | lìon | net |
[Lʲeh] | leth | half | ||
[LʲũːN] | lionn | liquid (n.) | ||
[Lʲis] | lios | garden | ||
[Lʲihdʲɪrʲ] | litir | letter (n.) | ||
[Lʲɛxg] | leac | flagstone | ||
Slender ll elsewhere | [buLʲə] | buille | hit (n.) | |
[kaLʲəx] | cailleach | old woman | ||
[duLʲag] | duilleag | leaf | ||
[kaiLʲ] | caill | lose! | ||
[kɤiLʲ] | coill | forest | ||
[saiLʲ] | saill | salt! | ||
[l] | Non-initial slender l | [balə] | baile | village |
[kalag] | caileag | girl | ||
[kulag] | cuileag | fly (n.) | ||
[ulə] | uile | all | ||
[elə] | eile | other | ||
[dulɪç] | duilich | sorry |
Note: the preposition le and its prepositional pronouns (leam, leat, leis, leatha, leinn, leibh, leotha) are pronounced as [l], not [Lʲ].
n sounds
There are 3 different n sounds:
Sound | Position | Example | Gaelic | English |
---|---|---|---|---|
[N] | Initial broad n | [Naːbɪ] | nàbaidh | neighbour |
[Nahɪrʲ] | nathair | snake | ||
[Nɯːv] | naomh | holy | ||
[Nasg] | nasg | tie-band | ||
[Nɔxg] | nochd | appear | ||
[NɔLɪgʲ] | Nollaig | Christmas | ||
Broad nn | [aNə] | Anna | Ann(e) | |
[kʲaNɪç] | ceannaich | buy! | ||
[bjaNəxg] | beannachd | blessing | ||
[auN] | ann | in him | ||
[tʲauN] | teann | tight | ||
[kʲauN] | ceann | head (n.) | ||
[Nʲ] | Initial slender n | [NʲiəL] | Niall | Neil |
[Nʲi.ə] | nighe | washing | ||
[Nʲed] | nead | nest (n.) | ||
[Nʲi] | nigh | wash! | ||
[Nʲax] | neach | person | ||
[Nʲihan] | nighean | daughter | ||
Slender nn | [faːNʲə] | fàinne | ring (n.) | |
[baNʲə] | bainne | milk (n.) | ||
[ʃeiNʲ] | seinn | sing! | ||
[tʲiNʲə] | tinne | sicker | ||
[biNʲə] | binne | sweeter | ||
[kaiNʲdʲ] | cainnt | speech | ||
[n] | Non-initial slender & broad n | [dɔnə] | dona | bad |
[sɔnə] | sona | happy | ||
[anam] | anam | soul | ||
[banal] | banail | feminine | ||
[dʲiənəv] | dèanamh | doing | ||
[ʃin] | sin | that | ||
[miːn] | mìn | soft | ||
[ɛnɛm] | ainm | name (n.) | ||
[uən] | uain | lamb (n.) | ||
[kɔn] | coin | dogs |
Note: some dialects pronounce non-initial slender n as [Nʲ] (i.e. like slender nn) rather than [n]:
[Nʲ] | [ʃiNʲ] | sin | that | |
[miːn] | mìn | soft | ||
[ɛNʲɛm] | ainm | name (n.) | ||
[uəNʲ] | uain | lamb (n.) | ||
[kɔNʲ] | coin | dogs |
r sounds
There are 3 different r sounds:
Sound | Position | Example | Gaelic | English |
---|---|---|---|---|
[R] | Initial broad & slender r | [Rɔh] | roth | wheel (n.) |
[Rɔːn] | ròn | seal | ||
[Rɔb] | Rob | Rob | ||
[Ruərɪ] | Ruaraidh | Rory | ||
[RuNag] | rionnag | star | ||
[Rixg] | riochd | appearance | ||
Broad & slender rr | [baːR] | barr | top | |
[kɔːR] | corr | rest (n.) | ||
[kɔRəx] | corrach | uneven | ||
[kaRɛgʲ] | carraig | rock | ||
[kuRan] | curran | carrot | ||
[uRə] | urra | individual | ||
[r] | Non-initial broad r | [aran] | aran | bread |
[ɔːran] | òran | song | ||
[dʲɛrɛg] | dearg | red | ||
[kur] | cur | putting | ||
[marav] | marbh | dead | ||
[kar] | car | twist (n.) | ||
[rʲ] | Non-initial slender r | [arʲə] | aire | attention |
[arʲɪ] | airidh | deserving | ||
[furʲəx] | fuireach | living, staying | ||
[kurʲɪ] | cuiridh | will put | ||
[ɛrʲɛgʲəd] | airgead | money |
Note: the preposition ri and its prepositional pronouns (rium, riut, ris, rithe, riutha etc.) are normally pronounced as [rʲ].
Fuaimean na Gàidhlig | ||||||||||||
᚛ Vowels - Consonants - Fricatives - Slenderisation - Pre-aspiration - Lenition - Helping vowel - Diphthongs ᚜ ᚛ Hiatus - l n r - rt & rd - Vowels before rr ll nn - Unstressed vowels ᚜ |