An diofar eadar na mùthaidhean a rinneadh air "l n r"

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(Created page with "Except for a small group of exceptions, all sonorants have their ''strong'' value at the beginning of words. ==L sounds== There are 3 different L sounds: {| style="width: 40%;" ...")
 
 
(29 mùthadh eadar-mheadhanach le 3 cleachdaichean eile nach eil 29 'gan sealltainn)
Loidhne 1: Loidhne 1:
 
Except for a small group of exceptions, all sonorants have their ''strong'' value at the beginning of words.
 
Except for a small group of exceptions, all sonorants have their ''strong'' value at the beginning of words.
  
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==L sounds==
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==l sounds==
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There are 3 different L sounds:
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[[File:lnr01.mp3]]<br />There are 3 different l sounds:
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{| style="width: 40%;" border="0"
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{| style="width: 50%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Sound
 
! Sound
Loidhne 11: Loidhne 11:
 
! English
 
! English
 
|-  
 
|-  
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| [L] || Initial broad l<br />broad ll and l || '''[La.ə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">latha</span> || day
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| [L] || Initial broad l || '''[La.ə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">latha</span> || day
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[Lɔx]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">loch</span> || loch (lake)
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[Luːb]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">lùb</span> || bend!
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[Laːdʲɪrʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">làidir</span> || strong
 +
|-
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|  || Broad l and ll elsewhere || '''[gLan]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">glan</span> || clean (adj.)
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[bLaː]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">blàth</span> || warm (adj.)
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[baLəx]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">balach</span> || boy
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[faLu]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">falamh</span> || empty (adj.)
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[kadəL]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">cadal</span> || sleep (n.)
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[baLə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">balla</span> || wall (n.)
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[faLaNʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">fallain</span> || healthy
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[pɔbəL]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">poball</span> || population
 +
|-
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| [Lʲ] || Initial slender l || '''[Lʲiən]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">lìon</span> || net
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[Lʲeh]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">leth</span> || half
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[LʲũːN]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">lionn</span> || liquid (n.)
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[Lʲis]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">lios</span> || garden
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[Lʲihdʲɪrʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">litir</span> || letter (n.)
 
|-  
 
|-  
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|  ||  || '''[Lʲɛxg]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">leac</span> || flagstone
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|-
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|  || Slender ll elsewhere || '''[buLʲə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">buille</span> || hit (n.)
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[kaLʲəx]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">cailleach</span> || old woman
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[duLʲag]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">duilleag</span> || leaf
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[kaiLʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">caill</span> || lose!
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[kɤiLʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">coill</span> || forest
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[saiLʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">saill</span> || salt!
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|-
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| [l] || Non-initial slender l || '''[balə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">baile</span> || village
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[kalag]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">caileag</span> || girl
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[kulag]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">cuileag</span> || fly (n.)
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[ulə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">uile</span> || all
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[elə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">eile</span> || other
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[dulɪç]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">duilich</span> || sorry
 +
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
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Download gloraich01
+
Note: the preposition <span style="color: #008000;">le</span> and its prepositional pronouns (<span style="color: #008000;">leam, leat, leis, leatha, leinn, leibh, leotha</span>) are pronounced as [l], not [Lʲ].
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ɫ̪ Initial broad l latha, loch, lùb, làidir, glan, blàth
 
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  Broad ll and l balach, falamh, cadal, balla, fallain, poball
 
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ʎ Initial slender l lìon, leth, lionn, lios, litir, leac
 
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  Slender ll buille, cailleach, duilleag, caill, coill, saill
 
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l (non-initial) slender l baile, caileag, cuileag, uile, eile, duilich
 
  
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Note: the preposition le and its prepositional pronouns (leam, leat, leis, leatha, leinn, leibh, leotha
+
==n sounds==
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etc. ) are normally pronounced as [l], not [ʎ].
+
[[File:lnr02.mp3]]<br />There are 3 different n sounds:
 +
{| style="width: 50%;" border="0"
 +
|-
 +
! Sound
 +
! Position
 +
! Example
 +
! Gaelic
 +
! English
 +
|-
 +
| [N] || Initial broad n || '''[Naːbɪ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">nàbaidh</span> || neighbour
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[Nahɪrʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">nathair</span> || snake
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[Nɯːv]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">naomh</span> || holy
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[Nasg]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">nasg</span> || tie-band
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[Nɔxg]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">nochd</span> || appear
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[NɔLɪgʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">Nollaig</span> || Christmas
 +
|-
 +
|  || Broad nn || '''[aNə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">Anna</span> || Ann(e)
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[kʲaNɪç]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">ceannaich</span> || buy!
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[bjaNəxg]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">beannachd</span> || blessing
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[auN]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">ann</span> || in him
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[tʲauN]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">teann</span> || tight
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[kʲauN]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">ceann</span> || head (n.)
 +
|-
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| [Nʲ] || Initial slender n || '''[NʲiəL]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">Niall</span> || Neil
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[Nʲi.ə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">nighe</span> || washing
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|-
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|  ||  || '''[Nʲed]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">nead</span> || nest (n.)
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[Nʲi]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">nigh</span> || wash!
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[Nʲax]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">neach</span> || person
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[Nʲihan]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">nighean</span> || daughter
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|-
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|  || Slender nn || '''[faːNʲə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">fàinne</span> || ring (n.)
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[baNʲə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">bainne</span> || milk (n.)
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[ʃeiNʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">seinn</span> || sing!
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[tʲiNʲə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">tinne</span> || sicker
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[biNʲə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">binne</span> || sweeter
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[kaiNʲdʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">cainnt</span> || speech
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|-
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| [n] || Non-initial slender & broad n || '''[dɔnə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">dona</span> || bad
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[sɔnə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">sona</span> || happy
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[anam]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">anam</span> || soul
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[banal]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">banail</span> || feminine
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[dʲiənəv]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">dèanamh</span> || doing
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[ʃin]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">sin</span> || that
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[miːn]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">mìn</span> || soft
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[ɛnɛm]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">ainm</span> || name (n.)
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[uən]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">uain</span> || lamb (n.)
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[kɔn]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">coin</span> || dogs
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|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
Note: some dialects pronounce non-initial slender <span style="color: #008000;">n</span> as [Nʲ] (i.e. like slender <span style="color: #008000;">nn</span>) rather than [n]:
 +
 
 +
{| style="width: 50%;" border="0"
 +
|-
 +
| [Nʲ] ||  || '''[ʃiNʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">sin</span> || that
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[miːn]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">mìn</span> || soft
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[ɛNʲɛm]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">ainm</span> || name (n.)
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[uəNʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">uain</span> || lamb (n.)
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[kɔNʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">coin</span> || dogs
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
−
Download gloraich02
+
==r sounds==
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n̴̪ Initial broad n nàbaidh, nathair, naomh, nasg, nochd, Nollaig
+
[[File:lnr03.mp3]]<br />There are 3 different r sounds:
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  Broad nn Anna, ceannaich, beannachd, ann, teann, ceann
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{| style="width: 50%;" border="0"
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ɲ Initial slender n Niall, nighe, nead, nigh, neach, nighean
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|-
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  Slender nn fàinne, bainne, seinn, tinne, binne, cainnt
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! Sound
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n Slender and broad n dona, sona, anam, banail, déanamh
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! Position
−
  (non initial) sin, mìn, ainm, uain, coin
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! Example
 +
! Gaelic
 +
! English
 +
|-
 +
| [R] || Initial broad & slender r || '''[Rɔh]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">roth</span> || wheel (n.)
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[Rɔːn]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">ròn</span> || seal
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[Rɔb]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">Rob</span> || Rob
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[Ruərɪ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">Ruaraidh</span> || Rory
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[RuNag]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">rionnag</span> || star
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[Rixg]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">riochd</span> || appearance
 +
|-
 +
|  || Broad & slender rr || '''[baːR]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">barr</span> || top
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[kɔːR]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">corr</span> || rest (n.)
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[kɔRəx]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">corrach</span> || uneven
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[kaRɛgʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">carraig</span> || rock
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[kuRan]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">curran</span> || carrot
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[uRə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">urra</span> || individual
 +
|-
 +
| [r] || Non-initial broad r || '''[aran]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">aran</span> || bread
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[ɔːran]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">òran</span> || song
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[dʲɛrɛg]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">dearg</span> || red
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[kur]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">cur</span> || putting
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[marav]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">marbh</span> || dead
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[kar]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">car</span> || twist (n.)
 +
|-
 +
| [rʲ] || Non-initial slender r || '''[arʲə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">aire</span> || attention
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[arʲɪ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">airidh</span> || deserving
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[furʲəx]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">fuireach</span> || living, staying
 +
|-
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|  ||  || '''[kurʲɪ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">cuiridh</span> || will put
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || '''[ɛrʲɛgʲəd]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">airgead</span> || money
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
−
Note: some dialects pronounce non-initial slender n as /ɲ/ (i.e. as slender nn) rather than n, e.g.
+
Note: the preposition <span style="color: #008000;">ri</span> and its prepositional pronouns (<span style="color: #008000;">rium, riut, ris, rithe, riutha</span> etc.) are normally pronounced as [rʲ].
−
  sin, mìn, ainm, uain, coin
 
  
−
Download gloraich03
+
<br />
−
r̴ Initial broad and slender r roth, ròn, Rob, Ruaraidh, rionnag, riochd
+
<br />
−
  Broad (and slender) rr bàrr, còrr, corrach, carraig, curran, urra
 
−
ɾ (non-initial) broad r aran, òran, dearg, cur, marbh, car
 
−
ɾʲ (non-initial) slender r aire, airidh, fuireach, cuiridh, airgead
 
  
−
Note: the preposition ri and its prepositional pronouns (rium, riut, ris, rithe, riutha etc.) are normally pronounced as [ɾʲ].
+
{{Fuaimean}}

Am mùthadh mu dheireadh on 17:12, 16 dhen Fhaoilleach 2016

Except for a small group of exceptions, all sonorants have their strong value at the beginning of words.

l sounds

Download
There are 3 different l sounds:

Sound Position Example Gaelic English
[L] Initial broad l [La.ə] latha day
[Lɔx] loch loch (lake)
[Luːb] lùb bend!
[Laːdʲɪrʲ] làidir strong
Broad l and ll elsewhere [gLan] glan clean (adj.)
[bLaː] blàth warm (adj.)
[baLəx] balach boy
[faLu] falamh empty (adj.)
[kadəL] cadal sleep (n.)
[baLə] balla wall (n.)
[faLaNʲ] fallain healthy
[pɔbəL] poball population
[Lʲ] Initial slender l [Lʲiən] lìon net
[Lʲeh] leth half
[LʲũːN] lionn liquid (n.)
[Lʲis] lios garden
[Lʲihdʲɪrʲ] litir letter (n.)
[Lʲɛxg] leac flagstone
Slender ll elsewhere [buLʲə] buille hit (n.)
[kaLʲəx] cailleach old woman
[duLʲag] duilleag leaf
[kaiLʲ] caill lose!
[kɤiLʲ] coill forest
[saiLʲ] saill salt!
[l] Non-initial slender l [balə] baile village
[kalag] caileag girl
[kulag] cuileag fly (n.)
[ulə] uile all
[elə] eile other
[dulɪç] duilich sorry

Note: the preposition le and its prepositional pronouns (leam, leat, leis, leatha, leinn, leibh, leotha) are pronounced as [l], not [Lʲ].

n sounds

Download
There are 3 different n sounds:

Sound Position Example Gaelic English
[N] Initial broad n [Naːbɪ] nàbaidh neighbour
[Nahɪrʲ] nathair snake
[Nɯːv] naomh holy
[Nasg] nasg tie-band
[Nɔxg] nochd appear
[NɔLɪgʲ] Nollaig Christmas
Broad nn [aNə] Anna Ann(e)
[kʲaNɪç] ceannaich buy!
[bjaNəxg] beannachd blessing
[auN] ann in him
[tʲauN] teann tight
[kʲauN] ceann head (n.)
[Nʲ] Initial slender n [NʲiəL] Niall Neil
[Nʲi.ə] nighe washing
[Nʲed] nead nest (n.)
[Nʲi] nigh wash!
[Nʲax] neach person
[Nʲihan] nighean daughter
Slender nn [faːNʲə] fàinne ring (n.)
[baNʲə] bainne milk (n.)
[ʃeiNʲ] seinn sing!
[tʲiNʲə] tinne sicker
[biNʲə] binne sweeter
[kaiNʲdʲ] cainnt speech
[n] Non-initial slender & broad n [dɔnə] dona bad
[sɔnə] sona happy
[anam] anam soul
[banal] banail feminine
[dʲiənəv] dèanamh doing
[ʃin] sin that
[miːn] mìn soft
[ɛnɛm] ainm name (n.)
[uən] uain lamb (n.)
[kɔn] coin dogs

Note: some dialects pronounce non-initial slender n as [Nʲ] (i.e. like slender nn) rather than [n]:

[Nʲ] [ʃiNʲ] sin that
[miːn] mìn soft
[ɛNʲɛm] ainm name (n.)
[uəNʲ] uain lamb (n.)
[kɔNʲ] coin dogs

r sounds

Download
There are 3 different r sounds:

Sound Position Example Gaelic English
[R] Initial broad & slender r [Rɔh] roth wheel (n.)
[Rɔːn] ròn seal
[Rɔb] Rob Rob
[Ruərɪ] Ruaraidh Rory
[RuNag] rionnag star
[Rixg] riochd appearance
Broad & slender rr [baːR] barr top
[kɔːR] corr rest (n.)
[kɔRəx] corrach uneven
[kaRɛgʲ] carraig rock
[kuRan] curran carrot
[uRə] urra individual
[r] Non-initial broad r [aran] aran bread
[ɔːran] òran song
[dʲɛrɛg] dearg red
[kur] cur putting
[marav] marbh dead
[kar] car twist (n.)
[rʲ] Non-initial slender r [arʲə] aire attention
[arʲɪ] airidh deserving
[furʲəx] fuireach living, staying
[kurʲɪ] cuiridh will put
[ɛrʲɛgʲəd] airgead money

Note: the preposition ri and its prepositional pronouns (rium, riut, ris, rithe, riutha etc.) are normally pronounced as [rʲ].



Fuaimean na Gàidhlig
᚛ Vowels - Consonants - Fricatives - Slenderisation - Pre-aspiration - Lenition - Helping vowel - Diphthongs ᚜
᚛ Hiatus - l n r - rt & rd - Vowels before rr ll nn - Unstressed vowels ᚜


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