An diofar eadar na mùthaidhean a rinneadh air "Unstressed vowels"
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(9 mùthaidhean eadar-mheadhanach le 2 chleachdaiche eile nach eil 9 'gan sealltainn) | |||
Loidhne 1: | Loidhne 1: | ||
− | + | In Gaelic, the stress (emphasis) usually falls on the first syllable of a word. It follows that all vowels in second and subsequent syllables are unstressed. In Scottish Gaelic, long vowels never occur unstressed.. Generally speaking, there are only three vowels which occur unstressed in Gaelic. These are: | |
<ol><li>an obscure vowel [ə] like ''e'' in ''the''</li><li>an [ɪ] vowel similar to ''i'' in ''bit''</li><li>a clear [a] vowel like ''a'' in ''cat'' in Scottish English</li></ol> | <ol><li>an obscure vowel [ə] like ''e'' in ''the''</li><li>an [ɪ] vowel similar to ''i'' in ''bit''</li><li>a clear [a] vowel like ''a'' in ''cat'' in Scottish English</li></ol> | ||
Loidhne 5: | Loidhne 5: | ||
The first two are by far the most common. | The first two are by far the most common. | ||
− | <ol><li>[ə] occurs before (phonetically) broad consonants and | + | <ol><li>[ə] occurs before (phonetically) broad consonants and in final position after broad consonants</li><li>[ɪ] occurs before (phonetically) slender consonants and in final position after slender consonants</li><li>[a] occurs frequently but Scottish Gaelic spelling does not indicate it. Such instances must be noted and learnt as you go along.</li></ol> |
− | When it is somewhere else, the spelling normally indicates that somehow. | + | When it is somewhere else, the spelling normally indicates that, somehow. |
==Hyphens== | ==Hyphens== | ||
− | When it occurs on the second syllable, this is often indicated by means of a hyphen | + | When it occurs on the second syllable, this is often indicated by means of a hyphen: |
− | [[File: | + | [[File:unstressed01.mp3]]<br /> |
{| style="width: 40%;" border="0" | {| style="width: 40%;" border="0" | ||
Loidhne 20: | Loidhne 20: | ||
| '''[əNʲ'ʃɔ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">'''an-seo'''</span> || here | | '''[əNʲ'ʃɔ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">'''an-seo'''</span> || here | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''[əNʲ' | + | | '''[əNʲ'ʃud]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">'''an-siud'''</span> || yonder |
|- | |- | ||
| '''[ə'sdɯj]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">'''a-staigh'''</span> || inside (location) | | '''[ə'sdɯj]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">'''a-staigh'''</span> || inside (location) | ||
Loidhne 41: | Loidhne 41: | ||
==[ə]== | ==[ə]== | ||
− | [[File: | + | [[File:unstressed02.mp3]]<br /> |
{| style="width: 40%;" border="0" | {| style="width: 40%;" border="0" | ||
|- | |- | ||
Loidhne 74: | Loidhne 74: | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | ==[ɪ]== | + | ==[ɪ] & [ə]== |
− | [[File: | + | [[File:unstressed03.mp3]]<br /> |
{| style="width: 40%;" border="0" | {| style="width: 40%;" border="0" | ||
|- | |- | ||
Loidhne 107: | Loidhne 107: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | Note that unstressed e is [ə]: | ||
+ | {| style="width: 40%;" border="0" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | e || '''[gʲiLʲə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">gill<strong>e</strong></span> || boy, lad | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || '''[kʲeːlə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">céil<strong>e</strong></span> || partner (n.) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || '''[balə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">bail<strong>e</strong></span> || town | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || '''[kɔrʲə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">coir<strong>e</strong></span> || 1 kettle 2 corrie | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || '''[ɯʃgʲə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">uisg<strong>e</strong></span> || water | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || '''[ĩːʃə]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">inns<strong>e</strong></span> || telling | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==[a]== | ||
+ | [[File:unstressed04.mp3]]<br /> | ||
+ | {| style="width: 40%;" border="0" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | colspan="4" | <strong>[a] from <span style="color: #008000;">(a)i, (e)a</span> like ''a'' in ''cat'' (Scottish English only)</strong> | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | a || '''[kLaxan]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">clach<strong>a</strong>n</span> || settlement | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || '''[ɔːran]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">òr<strong>a</strong>n</span> || song | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || '''[sbɔran]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">spor<strong>a</strong>n</span> || 1 sporran 2 wallet | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || '''[moːrag]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">Mór<strong>a</strong>g</span> || Morag | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | ai || '''[faLaNʲ]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">fall<strong>ai</strong>n</span> || healthy | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | ea || '''[ɯNʲag]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">uinn<strong>ea</strong>g</span> || window | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || '''[elan]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">eil<strong>ea</strong>n</span> || island | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || '''[alan]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">Ail<strong>ea</strong>n</span> || Allen | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || '''[kalag]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">cail<strong>ea</strong>g</span> || girl, lass | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | || '''[fɯːlag]''' || <span style="color: #008000;">faoil<strong>ea</strong>g</span> || seagull | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br /> | ||
+ | <br /> | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{Fuaimean}} |
Am mùthadh mu dheireadh on 17:30, 16 dhen Fhaoilleach 2016
In Gaelic, the stress (emphasis) usually falls on the first syllable of a word. It follows that all vowels in second and subsequent syllables are unstressed. In Scottish Gaelic, long vowels never occur unstressed.. Generally speaking, there are only three vowels which occur unstressed in Gaelic. These are:
- an obscure vowel [ə] like e in the
- an [ɪ] vowel similar to i in bit
- a clear [a] vowel like a in cat in Scottish English
The first two are by far the most common.
- [ə] occurs before (phonetically) broad consonants and in final position after broad consonants
- [ɪ] occurs before (phonetically) slender consonants and in final position after slender consonants
- [a] occurs frequently but Scottish Gaelic spelling does not indicate it. Such instances must be noted and learnt as you go along.
When it is somewhere else, the spelling normally indicates that, somehow.
Hyphens
When it occurs on the second syllable, this is often indicated by means of a hyphen:
[əNʲˈʃin] | an-sin | there |
[əNʲ'ʃɔ] | an-seo | here |
[əNʲ'ʃud] | an-siud | yonder |
[ə'sdɯj] | a-staigh | inside (location) |
[əʃ'dʲax] | a-steach | inside, into (movement) |
[ə'muj] | a-muigh | outside (location) |
[ə'max] | a-mach | out, outside (movement) |
[ə'Ri.iʃdʲ] | a-rithist | again |
[əNʲ'dʲeː] | an-dé | yesterday |
[əNʲ'dʲu] | an-diugh | today |
[ə'maːrʲəx] | a-màireach | tomorrow |
[ə]
[ə] from (e)a like e in the | |||
a | [tobər] | tobar | well (n.) |
[kɔːhdə] | còta | coat (n.) | |
[bahdə] | bata | stick (n.) | |
[baːhdə] | bàta | boat | |
[gLanəɣ] | glanadh | cleaning | |
[d ɔ̃ .əL] | Dòmhnall | Donald | |
[ʃeːməs] | Seumas | James/Hamish | |
ea | [aʃəg] | aiseag | ferry (n.) |
[Nʲi.ən] | nighean | daughter | |
[iːʃəL] | ìseal | low (adj.) | |
[gɛː.əL] | Gàidheal | Gael | |
[tʲiLʲəɣ] | tilleadh | returning | |
[furʲəx] | fuireach | staying |
[ɪ] & [ə]
[ɪ] from (a)i like i in bit | |||
i | [Lʲihdʲɪrʲ] | litir | letter (n.) |
[sgʲiLʲɪNʲ] | sgillinn | penny | |
[furʲɪç] | fuirich | wait! | |
[fiːrʲɪNʲ] | fìrinn | truth | |
[gaːlɪgʲ] | Gàidhlig | Gàidhlig | |
[kurʲɪ] | cuiridh | will put | |
[pegʲɪ] | Peigi | Peggy | |
ai | [egLɪʃ] | eaglais | church |
[brʲigɪʃ] | briogais | trousers | |
[aːLɪNʲ] | àlainn | wonderful | |
[sɔxgɪrʲ] | socair | gentle | |
[piːbɪrʲə] | pìobaire | piper | |
[paːRLəmɪdʲ] | pàrlamaid | parliament |
Note that unstressed e is [ə]:
e | [gʲiLʲə] | gille | boy, lad |
[kʲeːlə] | céile | partner (n.) | |
[balə] | baile | town | |
[kɔrʲə] | coire | 1 kettle 2 corrie | |
[ɯʃgʲə] | uisge | water | |
[ĩːʃə] | innse | telling |
[a]
[a] from (a)i, (e)a like a in cat (Scottish English only) | |||
a | [kLaxan] | clachan | settlement |
[ɔːran] | òran | song | |
[sbɔran] | sporan | 1 sporran 2 wallet | |
[moːrag] | Mórag | Morag | |
ai | [faLaNʲ] | fallain | healthy |
ea | [ɯNʲag] | uinneag | window |
[elan] | eilean | island | |
[alan] | Ailean | Allen | |
[kalag] | caileag | girl, lass | |
[fɯːlag] | faoileag | seagull |
Fuaimean na Gàidhlig | ||||||||||||
᚛ Vowels - Consonants - Fricatives - Slenderisation - Pre-aspiration - Lenition - Helping vowel - Diphthongs ᚜ ᚛ Hiatus - l n r - rt & rd - Vowels before rr ll nn - Unstressed vowels ᚜ |