An diofar eadar na mùthaidhean a rinneadh air "PPP - Pronouns, prepositions and their pronunciation"

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(31 mùthadh eadar-mheadhanach le 3 cleachdaichean eile nach eil 31 'gan sealltainn)
Loidhne 1: Loidhne 1:
−
No explanantion needed really, tables of the conjugated pronouns with their pronunciation.
+
In this section we'll try to give you a fairly comprehensive overview of the Gaelic prepositions - including some of the more obscure issues and a fresh view on some old friends.
  
−
==À==
+
But before we start, a quick anecdote about rules in language.
 +
 
 +
Linguists will tell you that some languages are PRO-drop languages and some are not.  PRO stands for 'pronoun' and PRO-drop means that in some languages you're permitted to drop the pronoun in a sentence. Generally, this is allowed because the verb alone already marks the grammatical person (i.e. you, me, he, they etc.).  Spanish is a PRO-drop language in which you can either say yo tengo una cebra or tengo una cebra and both mean "I have a zebra."  On the other hand, linguists will tell you that English is not a PRO-drop language, never ever, ever.  Or is it?  This morning, I asked my partner a question: "have you ever used the word "prune" as an insult?" The answer came straight back: "might have done". Can YOU see a pronoun anywhere?  I can't.  Anyway, this isn't a blog, but I thought I'd remind us all that languages are unruly things. While there are rules that you can learn and follow, they rarely apply in 100% of cases.  Still, 99% isn't bad either, is it?
 +
 
 +
For the most part, they're arranged in groups according to their first element, for example, for mu choinneimh, look under mu.
 +
 
 +
How to remember them? Wellll... I get asked that a lot. [[Prepositions made easier|I've tried]] but it may not be everyone's cup of sùgh an eòrna - but just in case.
 +
 
 +
==<span style="color: #008000;">À</span>==
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| à || [a]  
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">à</span> || [a]  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| às an || [as əN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">às an</span> || [as əN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| asam || [asəm]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">asam</span> || [asəm]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| asad || [asəd]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">asad</span> || [asəd]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| às || [as]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">às</span> || [as]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| aiste || [aʃdʲə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">aiste</span> || [aʃdʲə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| asainn || [asɪNʲ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">asainn</span> || [asɪNʲ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| asaibh || [asɪv]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">asaibh</span> || [asɪv]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| asta || [asdə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">asta</span> || [asdə]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Aig==
+
==<span style="color: #008000;">Aig</span>==
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| aig || [ɛgʲ]  
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">aig</span> || [ɛgʲ]  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| aig an || [ɛgʲ əN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">aig an</span> || [ɛgʲ əN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| agam || [agəm]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">agam</span> || [agəm]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| agad || [agəd]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">agad</span> || [agəd]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| aige || [ɛgʲə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">aige</span> || [ɛgʲə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| aice || [ɛçgʲə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">aice</span> || [ɛçgʲə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| againn || [agɪNʲ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">againn</span> || [agɪNʲ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| agaibh || [agɪv]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">agaibh</span> || [agɪv]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| aca || [axgə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">aca</span> || [axgə]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
== Aig + possessive pronoun ==
+
<span style="color: #008000;">Aig</span> + possessive pronoun
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 'gam || [gam]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">'gam</span> || [gam]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 'gad || [gəd]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">'gad</span> || [gəd]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 'ga || [ga]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">'ga</span> || [ga]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 'ga (h-) || [ga (h)]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">'ga (h-)</span> || [ga (h)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 'gar (n-) || [gar n]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">'gar (n-)</span> || [gar (n)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 'gur (n-) || [gar]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">'gur (n-)</span> || [gar (n)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 'gan || [gan]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">'gan</span> || [gan]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Air==
+
==<span style="color: #008000;">Air</span>==
 +
More about [[I need air|air]]
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| air || [ɛrʲ]  
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">air</span> || [ɛrʲ]  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| air an || [ɛrʲ əN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">air an</span> || [ɛrʲ əN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| orm || [ɔrɔm]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">orm</span> || [ɔrɔm]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ort || [ɔRʃd]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ort</span> || [ɔRʃd]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| air || [ɛrʲ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">air</span> || [ɛrʲ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| oirre || [ɔRə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">oirre</span> || [ɔRə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| oirnn || [ɔːRNʲ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">oirnn</span> || [ɔːRNʲ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| oirbh || [ɔrʲɪv]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">oirbh</span> || [ɔrʲɪv]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| orra || [ɔRə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">orra</span> || [ɔRə]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
==Ann an==
+
 
 +
==<span style="color: #008000;">Ann an</span>==
 +
[[Preposition-annan|More about ''ann an'']]
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ann an || [ãũN əN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]  
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ann an</span> || [ãũN əN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| anns an || [ãũNs əN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">anns an</span> || [ãũNs əN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| annam || [ũNəm]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">annam</span> || [ũNəm]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| annad || [ũNəd]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">annad</span> || [ũNəd]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ann || [ãũN]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ann</span> || [ãũN]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| innte || [ĩːNʲdʲə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">innte</span> || [ĩːNʲdʲə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| annainn || [aNɪNʲ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">annainn</span> || [aNɪNʲ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| annaibh || [aNɪv]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">annaibh</span> || [aNɪv]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| annta || [ãũNdə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">annta</span> || [ãũNdə]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Ann an + possessive pronoun==
+
<span style="color: #008000;">Ann an</span> + possessive pronoun
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
−
|- 'nam || [nam]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">'nam</span> || [nam]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 'nad || [nad]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">'nad</span> || [nad]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 'na || [na]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">'na</span> || [na]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 'na (h-) || [na (h)]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">'na (h-)</span> || [na (h)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 'nar (n-) || [nar n]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">'nar (n-)</span> || [nar (n)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 'nur (n-) || [nar n]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">'nur (n-)</span> || [nar (n)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 'nan || [nan]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">'nan</span> || [nan]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==De==
+
==<span style="color: #008000;">De</span>==
 +
[[DE ⁊ A|More about ''de'']]
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| de || [də]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">de</span> || [də]  
−
|-
 
−
| dhen || [ʝɛnəN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">dhen / dhen an</span> || [ʝɛN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>] / [ʝɛnəN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| dhìom || [ʝĩə̃m]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">dhìom</span> || [ʝĩə̃m]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| dhìot || [ʝied]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">dhìot</span> || [ʝied]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| dheth || [ʝe]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">dheth</span> || [ʝe]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| dhith || [ʝi]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">dhith</span> || [ʝi]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| dhinn || [ʝĩNʲ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">dhinn</span> || [ʝĩNʲ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| dhibh || [ʝiv]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">dhibh</span> || [ʝiv]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| dhiubh || [ʝu]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">dhiubh</span> || [ʝu]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Do==
+
==<span style="color: #008000;">Do</span>==
−
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
+
{| style="width: 20%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| do || [də]  
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">do</span> || [də]  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| dhan || [ʝanəN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">dhan / dhan an</span> || [ɣaN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>], [ɣanəN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| dhomh || [ɣɔ̃]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">dhomh</span> || [ɣɔ̃]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| dhut || [ɣuhd]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">dhut</span> || [ɣuhd]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| dha || [ɣa]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">dha</span> || [ɣa]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| dhi || [ʝi]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">dhi</span> || [ʝi]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| dhuinn || [ɣɯ̃ĩNʲ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">dhuinn</span> || [ɣɯ̃ĩNʲ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| dhuibh || [ɣɯiv]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">dhuibh</span> || [ɣɯiv]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| dhaibh || [ɣaiv]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">dhaibh</span> || [ɣaiv]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Eadar==
+
==<span style="color: #008000;">Eadar</span>==
−
 
 
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| eadar || [edər]  
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">eadar</span> || [edər]  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| eadar an || [edər əN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">eadar an</span> || [edər əN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| eadarainn || [edərɪNʲ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">eadarainn</span> || [edərɪNʲ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| eadaraibh || [edərɪv]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">eadaraibh</span> || [edərɪv]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| eatarra || [ehdəRə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">eatarra</span> || [ehdəRə]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Fo==
+
==<span style="color: #008000;">Fo</span>==
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| fo || [fɔ]  
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">fo</span> || [fɔ]  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| fon || [fɔnəN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">fon / fon an</span> || [fɔN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>] / [fɔnəN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| fodham || [fo.əm]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">fodham</span> || [fo.əm]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| fodhad || [fo.əd]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">fodhad</span> || [fo.əd]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| fodha || [fo.ə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">fodha</span> || [fo.ə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| foidhpe || [foihbə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">foidhpe</span> || [foihbə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| fodhainn || [fo.ɪNʲ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">fodhainn</span> || [fo.ɪNʲ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| fodhaibh || [fo.ɪv]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">fodhaibh</span> || [fo.ɪv]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| fodhpa || [fohbə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">fodhpa</span> || [fohbə]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Gu==
+
==<span style="color: #008000;">Gu</span>==
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| gu || [gu]  
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">gu</span> || [gu]  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| gun<br />chun an || [gunəN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]<br />[xunəN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">gun<br />chun an</span> || [gunəN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]<br />[xunəN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| thugam || [hugəm]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">thugam</span> || [hugəm]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| thugad || [hugəd]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">thugad</span> || [hugəd]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| thuige || [hɯgʲə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">thuige</span> || [hɯgʲə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| thuice || [hɯçgʲə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">thuice</span> || [hɯçgʲə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| thugainn || [hugɪNʲ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">thugainn</span> || [hugɪNʲ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| thugaibh || [hugɪv]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">thugaibh</span> || [hugɪv]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| thuca || [huxgə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">thuca</span> || [huxgə]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Le==
+
==<span style="color: #008000;">Le</span>==
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| le || [le]  
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">le</span> || [le]  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| leis an || [leʃ əN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">leis an</span> || [leʃ əN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| leam || [ləm]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">leam</span> || [ləm]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| leat || [lahd]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">leat</span> || [lahd]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| leis || [leʃ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">leis</span> || [leʃ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| leatha || [le.ə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">leatha</span> || [le.ə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| leinn || [lẽĩNʲ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">leinn</span> || [lẽĩNʲ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| leibh || [leiv]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">leibh</span> || [leiv]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| leotha || [lo.ə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">leotha</span> || [lo.ə]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Mu==
+
==<span style="color: #008000;">Mu</span>==
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| mu || [mə]  
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">mu</span> || [mə]  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| mun || [munəN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">mun / mun an</span> || [muN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>] / [munəN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| umam || [ũməm]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">umam</span> || [ũməm]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| umad || [ũməd]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">umad</span> || [ũməd]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| uime || [ɯ̃imə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">uime</span> || [ɯ̃imə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| uimpe || [ɯ̃imbə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">uimpe</span> || [ɯ̃imbə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| umainn || [ũmɪNʲ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">umainn</span> || [ũmɪNʲ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| umaibh || [ũmɪv]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">umaibh</span> || [ũmɪv]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| umpa || [ũːmbə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">umpa</span> || [ũːmbə]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==O==
+
==<span style="color: #008000;">O</span>==
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| o || [ɔ]  
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">o</span> || [ɔ]  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| on || [ɔnəN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">on / on an</span> || [ɔN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>] / [ɔnəN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| uam || [uəm]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">uam</span> || [uəm]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| uat || [uəhd]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">uat</span> || [uəhd]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| uaidhe || [uajə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">uaidhe</span> || [uajə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| uaipe || [uəihbə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">uaipe</span> || [uəihbə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| uainn || [ũə̃ĩNʲ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">uainn</span> || [ũə̃ĩNʲ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| uaibh || [uəiv]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">uaibh</span> || [uəiv]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| uapa || [uəhbə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">uapa</span> || [uəhbə]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Ri==
+
==<span style="color: #008000;">Ri</span>==
 +
[[Ri|More about ''ri'']]
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ri || [rʲi]  
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ri</span> || [rʲi]  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ris an || [rʲiʃ əN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ris an</span> || [rʲiʃ əN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| rium || [rʲum]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">rium</span> || [rʲum]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| riut || [rʲuʰd]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">riut</span> || [rʲuʰd]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ris || [rʲiʃ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ris</span> || [rʲiʃ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| rithe || [rʲi.ə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">rithe</span> || [rʲi.ə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| r(u)inn || [rɯ̃ĩNʲ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">r(u)inn</span> || [rɯ̃ĩNʲ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| r(u)ibh || [rɯ̃ĩv]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">r(u)ibh</span> || [rɯiv]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| riutha || [ru.ə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">riutha</span> || [ru.ə]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Tro==
+
==<span style="color: #008000;">Tro</span>==
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tro || [trɔ]  
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">tro</span> || [trɔ]  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tron an || [trɔnəN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">tron / tron an</span> || [trɔN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>] / [trɔnəN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tromham || [trɔ.əm]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">tromham</span> || [trɔ.əm]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tromhad || [trɔ.əd]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">tromhad</span> || [trɔ.əd]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| troimhe || [trɔjə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">troimhe</span> || [trɔjə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| troimhpe || [trɔihbə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">troimhpe</span> || [trɔihbə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tromhainn || [trɔ.ɪNʲ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">tromhainn</span> || [trɔ.ɪNʲ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tromhaibh || [trɔ.ɪv]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">tromhaibh</span> || [trɔ.ɪv]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tromhpa || [trɔ̃hbə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">tromhpa</span> || [trɔ̃hbə]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
==Thar==
+
==<span style="color: #008000;">Thar</span>==
  
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| thar || [har]  
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">thar</span> || [har]  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| thar an || [har əN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">thar an</span> || [har əN<sup>(ʲ)</sup>]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tharam || [harəm]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">tharam</span> || [harəm]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tharad || [harəd]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">tharad</span> || [harəd]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| thairis air || [harʲɪʃ ɛrʲ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">thairis air</span> || [harʲɪʃ ɛrʲ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| thairte || [haRʃdʲə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">thairte</span> || [haRʃdʲə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tharainn || [harɪNʲ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">tharainn</span> || [harɪNʲ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tharaibh || [harɪv]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">tharaibh</span> || [harɪv]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| tharta || [haRʃdə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">tharta</span> || [haRʃdə]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
Loidhne 410: Loidhne 420:
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| mi || [mĩː] || [mi]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">mi</span> || [mĩː] || [mi]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| thu<br />tu || [uː]<br />[duː] || [u]<br />[du]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">thu<br />tu</span> || [uː]<br />[duː] || [u]<br />[du]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| e || [ɛː] || [ə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">e</span> || [ɛː] || [ə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| i || [iː] || [i]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">i</span> || [iː] || [i]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| sinn || [ʃiːNʲ] || [ʃiNʲ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">sinn</span> || [ʃiːNʲ] || [ʃiNʲ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| sibh || [ʃiːv] || [ʃiv]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">sibh</span> || [ʃiːv] || [ʃiv]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| iad || [iəd] || [əd]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">iad</span> || [iəd] || [əd]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
Loidhne 430: Loidhne 440:
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| mise || [mĩʃə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">mise</span> || [mĩʃə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| thusa<br />tusa || [usə]<br />[dusə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">thusa<br />tusa</span> || [usə]<br />[dusə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| esan || [ɛsən]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">esan</span> || [ɛsən]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ise || [iʃə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ise</span> || [iʃə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| sinne || [ʃiNʲə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">sinne</span> || [ʃiNʲə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| sibhse || [ʃiːvʃə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">sibhse</span> || [ʃiːvʃə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| iadsan || [iədsən]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">iadsan</span> || [iədsən]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
Loidhne 449: Loidhne 459:
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| mo chù || [mə'xuː]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">mo chù</span> || [mə'xuː]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| do chù || [də'xuː]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">do chù</span> || [də'xuː]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| a chù || [ə'xuː]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a chù</span> || [ə'xuː]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| a cù || [ə'kuː]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a cù</span> || [ə'kuː]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ar cù || [ər'kuː]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ar cù</span> || [ər'kuː]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ur cù || [ər'kuː]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ur cù</span> || [ər'kuː]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| an cù || [əŋ'kuː]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">an cù</span> || [əŋ'kuː]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
Loidhne 468: Loidhne 478:
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| mo chù-sa || [mə'xuːsə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">mo chù-sa</span> || [mə'xuːsə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| do chù-sa || [də'xuːsə ]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">do chù-sa</span> || [də'xuːsə ]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| a chù-san || [ə'xuːsən]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a chù-san</span> || [ə'xuːsən]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| a cù-se || [ə'kuːʃə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a cù-se</span> || [ə'kuːʃə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ar cù-ne || [ər'kuːnə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ar cù-ne</span> || [ər'kuːnə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ur cù-se || [ər'kuːʃə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ur cù-se</span> || [ər'kuːʃə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| an cù-san || [ən'kuːsən]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">an cù-san</span> || [ən'kuːsən]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
Loidhne 487: Loidhne 497:
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| m' anam || [manam]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">m' anam</span> || [manam]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| d' anam || [danam]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">d' anam</span> || [danam]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| anam || [anam]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">anam</span> || [anam]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| a h-anam || [ə'hanam]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a h-anam</span> || [ə'hanam]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ar n-anam || [ər'nanam]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ar n-anam</span> || [ər'nanam]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ur n-anam || [ər'nanam]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ur n-anam</span> || [ər'nanam]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| an anam || [ə'nanam]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">an anam</span> || [ə'nanam]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
==Possessive pronoun with initial vowel and emphatic suffixes==
 
==Possessive pronoun with initial vowel and emphatic suffixes==
−
{| style="width: 15%;" border="0"
+
{| style="width: 20%;" border="0"
 
|-
 
|-
−
| m' anam-sa || [manamsə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">m' anam-sa</span> || [manamsə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| d' anam-sa || [danamsə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">d' anam-sa</span> || [danamsə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| anam-san || [anamsən]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">anam-san</span> || [anamsən]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| a h-anam-se || [ə'hanamʃə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">a h-anam-se</span> || [ə'hanamʃə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ar n-anam-ne || [ər'nanamnə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ar n-anam-ne</span> || [ər'nanamnə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ur n-anam-se || [ər'nanamʃə]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">ur n-anam-se</span> || [ər'nanamʃə]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| an anam-san || [ə'nanamsən]
+
| <span style="color: #008000;">an anam-san</span> || [ə'nanamsən]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}

Am mùthadh mu dheireadh on 12:24, 12 dhen Iuchar 2020

In this section we'll try to give you a fairly comprehensive overview of the Gaelic prepositions - including some of the more obscure issues and a fresh view on some old friends.

But before we start, a quick anecdote about rules in language.

Linguists will tell you that some languages are PRO-drop languages and some are not. PRO stands for 'pronoun' and PRO-drop means that in some languages you're permitted to drop the pronoun in a sentence. Generally, this is allowed because the verb alone already marks the grammatical person (i.e. you, me, he, they etc.). Spanish is a PRO-drop language in which you can either say yo tengo una cebra or tengo una cebra and both mean "I have a zebra." On the other hand, linguists will tell you that English is not a PRO-drop language, never ever, ever. Or is it? This morning, I asked my partner a question: "have you ever used the word "prune" as an insult?" The answer came straight back: "might have done". Can YOU see a pronoun anywhere? I can't. Anyway, this isn't a blog, but I thought I'd remind us all that languages are unruly things. While there are rules that you can learn and follow, they rarely apply in 100% of cases. Still, 99% isn't bad either, is it?

For the most part, they're arranged in groups according to their first element, for example, for mu choinneimh, look under mu.

How to remember them? Wellll... I get asked that a lot. I've tried but it may not be everyone's cup of sùgh an eòrna - but just in case.

À

à [a]
às an [as əN(ʲ)]
asam [asəm]
asad [asəd]
às [as]
aiste [aʃdʲə]
asainn [asɪNʲ]
asaibh [asɪv]
asta [asdə]

Aig

aig [ɛgʲ]
aig an [ɛgʲ əN(ʲ)]
agam [agəm]
agad [agəd]
aige [ɛgʲə]
aice [ɛçgʲə]
againn [agɪNʲ]
agaibh [agɪv]
aca [axgə]

Aig + possessive pronoun

'gam [gam]
'gad [gəd]
'ga [ga]
'ga (h-) [ga (h)]
'gar (n-) [gar (n)]
'gur (n-) [gar (n)]
'gan [gan]

Air

More about air

air [ɛrʲ]
air an [ɛrʲ əN(ʲ)]
orm [ɔrɔm]
ort [ɔRʃd]
air [ɛrʲ]
oirre [ɔRə]
oirnn [ɔːRNʲ]
oirbh [ɔrʲɪv]
orra [ɔRə]

Ann an

More about ann an

ann an [ãũN əN(ʲ)]
anns an [ãũNs əN(ʲ)]
annam [ũNəm]
annad [ũNəd]
ann [ãũN]
innte [ĩːNʲdʲə]
annainn [aNɪNʲ]
annaibh [aNɪv]
annta [ãũNdə]

Ann an + possessive pronoun

'nam [nam]
'nad [nad]
'na [na]
'na (h-) [na (h)]
'nar (n-) [nar (n)]
'nur (n-) [nar (n)]
'nan [nan]

De

More about de

de [də]
dhen / dhen an [ʝɛN(ʲ)] / [ʝɛnəN(ʲ)]
dhìom [ʝĩə̃m]
dhìot [ʝied]
dheth [ʝe]
dhith [ʝi]
dhinn [ʝĩNʲ]
dhibh [ʝiv]
dhiubh [ʝu]

Do

do [də]
dhan / dhan an [ɣaN(ʲ)], [ɣanəN(ʲ)]
dhomh [ɣɔ̃]
dhut [ɣuhd]
dha [ɣa]
dhi [ʝi]
dhuinn [ɣɯ̃ĩNʲ]
dhuibh [ɣɯiv]
dhaibh [ɣaiv]

Eadar

eadar [edər]
eadar an [edər əN(ʲ)]
eadarainn [edərɪNʲ]
eadaraibh [edərɪv]
eatarra [ehdəRə]

Fo

fo [fɔ]
fon / fon an [fɔN(ʲ)] / [fɔnəN(ʲ)]
fodham [fo.əm]
fodhad [fo.əd]
fodha [fo.ə]
foidhpe [foihbə]
fodhainn [fo.ɪNʲ]
fodhaibh [fo.ɪv]
fodhpa [fohbə]

Gu

gu [gu]
gun
chun an		 [gunəN(ʲ)]
[xunəN(ʲ)]
thugam [hugəm]
thugad [hugəd]
thuige [hɯgʲə]
thuice [hɯçgʲə]
thugainn [hugɪNʲ]
thugaibh [hugɪv]
thuca [huxgə]

Le

le [le]
leis an [leʃ əN(ʲ)]
leam [ləm]
leat [lahd]
leis [leʃ]
leatha [le.ə]
leinn [lẽĩNʲ]
leibh [leiv]
leotha [lo.ə]

Mu

mu [mə]
mun / mun an [muN(ʲ)] / [munəN(ʲ)]
umam [ũməm]
umad [ũməd]
uime [ɯ̃imə]
uimpe [ɯ̃imbə]
umainn [ũmɪNʲ]
umaibh [ũmɪv]
umpa [ũːmbə]

O

o [ɔ]
on / on an [ɔN(ʲ)] / [ɔnəN(ʲ)]
uam [uəm]
uat [uəhd]
uaidhe [uajə]
uaipe [uəihbə]
uainn [ũə̃ĩNʲ]
uaibh [uəiv]
uapa [uəhbə]

Ri

More about ri

ri [rʲi]
ris an [rʲiʃ əN(ʲ)]
rium [rʲum]
riut [rʲuʰd]
ris [rʲiʃ]
rithe [rʲi.ə]
r(u)inn [rɯ̃ĩNʲ]
r(u)ibh [rɯiv]
riutha [ru.ə]

Tro

tro [trɔ]
tron / tron an [trɔN(ʲ)] / [trɔnəN(ʲ)]
tromham [trɔ.əm]
tromhad [trɔ.əd]
troimhe [trɔjə]
troimhpe [trɔihbə]
tromhainn [trɔ.ɪNʲ]
tromhaibh [trɔ.ɪv]
tromhpa [trɔ̃hbə]

Thar

thar [har]
thar an [har əN(ʲ)]
tharam [harəm]
tharad [harəd]
thairis air [harʲɪʃ ɛrʲ]
thairte [haRʃdʲə]
tharainn [harɪNʲ]
tharaibh [harɪv]
tharta [haRʃdə]

Personal pronouns

mi [mĩː] [mi]
thu
tu		 [uː]
[duː]		 [u]
[du]
e [ɛː] [ə]
i [iː] [i]
sinn [ʃiːNʲ] [ʃiNʲ]
sibh [ʃiːv] [ʃiv]
iad [iəd] [əd]

Personal pronouns with emphatic suffixes

mise [mĩʃə]
thusa
tusa		 [usə]
[dusə]
esan [ɛsən]
ise [iʃə]
sinne [ʃiNʲə]
sibhse [ʃiːvʃə]
iadsan [iədsən]

Possessive pronoun

mo chù [mə'xuː]
do chù [də'xuː]
a chù [ə'xuː]
a cù [ə'kuː]
ar cù [ər'kuː]
ur cù [ər'kuː]
an cù [əŋ'kuː]

Possessive pronoun with emphatic suffixes

mo chù-sa [mə'xuːsə]
do chù-sa [də'xuːsə ]
a chù-san [ə'xuːsən]
a cù-se [ə'kuːʃə]
ar cù-ne [ər'kuːnə]
ur cù-se [ər'kuːʃə]
an cù-san [ən'kuːsən]

Possessive pronoun with initial vowel

m' anam [manam]
d' anam [danam]
anam [anam]
a h-anam [ə'hanam]
ar n-anam [ər'nanam]
ur n-anam [ər'nanam]
an anam [ə'nanam]

Possessive pronoun with initial vowel and emphatic suffixes

m' anam-sa [manamsə]
d' anam-sa [danamsə]
anam-san [anamsən]
a h-anam-se [ə'hanamʃə]
ar n-anam-ne [ər'nanamnə]
ur n-anam-se [ər'nanamʃə]
an anam-san [ə'nanamsən]



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