Fricatives

In English when we write h after t, d, c, g, p, s, w, we form new sounds th, ch, gh, ph, sh, wh. In Gaelic, the letter h is used far more systematically in this way than in English. It's is important to note, in Gaelic, that with the single exception of ph [f], when h is added to a consonant, the resulting consonant is never pronounced as in English. In Gaelic, when h is added to the consonants (b m c d g p t s), we call the resultant sound a fricative. Once again we must distinguish between broad and slender fricatives. Only the following 9 consonants may have h written after them. Recognize that the translations of these cases are often approximate because the effect of lenition is sometimes difficult to translate outside a full sentence):

Broad

b → bh	[v]	Same as English v	[vaː]	bha	was
			[vɔ]	bho	from
			[faLav]	falbh	leave!
m → mh	[v]	Same as English v	[vaːhɪrʲ]	mhàthair	mother
			[voːr]	mhór	big
			[av]	amh	raw
c → ch	[x]	Same as Scottish English loch	[Lɔx]	loch	loch (lake)
			[xaj]	chaidh	went
			[saLəx]	salach	dirty
d → dh	[ɣ]		[ɣaːg]	dh'fhàg	left
			[ɣɔ͂]	dhomh	to me
			[kLɤɣ]	cladh	ditch (n.)
			[ʃɤɣ]	seadh	yes
			[buəLəɣ]	bualadh	hitting
g → gh	[ɣ]		[ɣuNʲ]	ghuin	stung (v.)
			[ɣaːlɪgʲ]	Ghàidhlig	Gaelic
			[ɤɣ]	agh	heifer
			[Lɤɣ]	lagh	law
p → ph	[f]	Same as English f	[fɔːs]	phòs	married (v.)
			[fɔuL]	pholl	mud
			[faːʃdʲə]	phàiste	child
t → th	[h]	Same as English h	[ha]	tha	is
			[mah]	math	good
			[maːhɪrʲ]	màthair	mother
			[ahɪrʲ]	athair	father
s → sh	[h]	Same as English h	[hɔn]	shon	sake
			[hɯj]	shuidh	sat
			[had]	shad	thrust (v.)
f → fh	[v]	Silent	[haLd]	fhalt	his hair
			[ul]	fhuil	his blood
			[oːn]	fhón	his phone

Slender

b → bh	[v]	Same as English v	[vel]	bheil	form of tha
			[leiv]	leibh	with youse
			[vile]	bhile	lip
	[vj]		[vjɔː]	bheò	alive
m → mh	[v]	Same as English v	[viː]	mhi	I
			[viːLʲ]	mhill	damaged
	[vj]		[vjauL]	mheall	deceived (v.)
c → ch	[ç]		[çiː]	chì	will see
			[façə]	faiche	meadow
			[çaNɪç]	cheannaich	bought
d → dh	[ʝ]		[ʝes]	dheas	south
			[ʝu]	dhiubh	of them
			[ʝaLɪç]	dhealaich	separated (v.)
	[j]	Same as English y	[sɯj]	suidh	sit!
			[sgaLpaj]	Sgalpaigh	Scalpay
g → gh	[ʝ]		[ʝaL]	gheal	white
			[ʝiLʲə]	ghille	boy
			[ʝaLəx]	ghealach	moon
	[j]	Same as English y	[Laj]	laigh	laid (v.)
p → ph	[f]	Same as English f	[fiːs]	phìos	piece
	[fj]		[fju.ər]	phiuthar	sister
			[fjauN]	pheann	pen
t → th	[h]	Same as English h	[higʲ]	thig	will come
			[hiːLʲ]	thill	returned
	[ç]		[içə]	ithe	eating
			[feːç]	féith	muscle
s → sh	[h]	Same as English h	[hiːn]	shìn	stretched (v.)
	[ç]		[çauL]	sheall	showed
	[h]		[heinn]	sheinn	sang
f → fh		Silent	[ɛr]	fhear	man
			[is]	fhios	his knowledge

NOTE: There is a small number of words with fh which are pronounced as [h]:

[heːn]	fhéin	self
[haLə]	fhalbh	leave!
[ha.əsd]	fhathast	yet