http://www.akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=Cross-linguistic_semantics&feed=atom&action=historyCross-linguistic semantics - Eachdraidh nam mùthaidhean2024-03-29T14:42:47ZEachdraidh nam mùthaidhean airson na duilleige seo air an uicidhMediaWiki 1.35.11http://www.akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=Cross-linguistic_semantics&diff=4543&oldid=prevAkerbeltz 14:34, 13 dhen Iuchar 20202020-07-13T14:34:38Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Mùthadh nas sine</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Mùthadh on 14:34, 13 dhen Iuchar 2020</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <span style="color: #008000;">amasach</span> is my favourite. It can mean both "accurate" and "accidental". Now these concepts aren't even in the same city, never mind ballpark, in English but the Gaelic base is <span style="color: #008000;">amas</span>, both a "target" and an "object you chance upon". With the <span style="color: #008000;">-ach</span> ending to make it an adjective, it's understandable that Gaelic word covers both the idea of hitting a target accurately but also the idea of hitting on something by accident, hence "accidental".</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <span style="color: #008000;">amasach</span> is my favourite. It can mean both "accurate" and "accidental". Now these concepts aren't even in the same city, never mind ballpark, in English but the Gaelic base is <span style="color: #008000;">amas</span>, both a "target" and an "object you chance upon". With the <span style="color: #008000;">-ach</span> ending to make it an adjective, it's understandable that Gaelic word covers both the idea of hitting a target accurately but also the idea of hitting on something by accident, hence "accidental".</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* <span style="color: #008000;">fàsach</span>, a headbender par excellence. It means both "good pasture" and "desert, wilderness". In this instance, we're actually dealing with two different roots. The first is relating to <span style="color: #008000;">fàs</span> "grow" and gives us pasture, fair enough. But the second is related to <span style="color: #008000;">fànas</span> "space, emptiness" and comes from Latin <span style="color: #6600CC;">vānus</span> meaning "empty, void" and through a quirky combination of changes and affixes, the two words have ended up looking exactly the same. So without context, <span style="color: #008000;">tha fàsach ann</span> can quite legitimately mean both "there's a desert" or "there's a good pasture"!</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <span style="color: #008000;">fulangach</span> covers both "suffering" and "hardy, tough" which is a little odd when looked at from English but the verb <span style="color: #008000;">fulaing</span> means "suffer" so when you stick on <span style="color: #008000;">-ach</span> to make an adjective, the way Gaelic looks at it, it can equally refer to someone suffering something or the ability to withstand such conditions, hence "hardy, tough".</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <span style="color: #008000;">fulangach</span> covers both "suffering" and "hardy, tough" which is a little odd when looked at from English but the verb <span style="color: #008000;">fulaing</span> means "suffer" so when you stick on <span style="color: #008000;">-ach</span> to make an adjective, the way Gaelic looks at it, it can equally refer to someone suffering something or the ability to withstand such conditions, hence "hardy, tough".</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <span style="color: #008000;">guidh</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">grìos</span> mean "pray" and "curse" and "beseech" and "curse" respectively. I suspect the underlying idea is the "invocation" of some supernatural force to bring down either blessings - or doom - depending on the circumstances.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <span style="color: #008000;">guidh</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">grìos</span> mean "pray" and "curse" and "beseech" and "curse" respectively. I suspect the underlying idea is the "invocation" of some supernatural force to bring down either blessings - or doom - depending on the circumstances.</div></td></tr>
</table>Akerbeltzhttp://www.akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=Cross-linguistic_semantics&diff=4542&oldid=prevAkerbeltz: Chaidh duilleag le "Though fascinating, semantics isn't my natural haunt when it comes to linguistics, so I'm mostly musing here. Fist off, semantics is the linguistic study of me..." a chruthachadh2020-07-13T14:29:25Z<p>Chaidh duilleag le "Though fascinating, semantics isn't my natural haunt when it comes to linguistics, so I'm mostly musing here. Fist off, semantics is the linguistic study of me..." a chruthachadh</p>
<p><b>Duilleag ùr</b></p><div>Though fascinating, semantics isn't my natural haunt when it comes to linguistics, so I'm mostly musing here. Fist off, semantics is the linguistic study of meaning(s), simplifying a bit. What I'm particularly interested in are words which have highly implausible looking semantics when you're looking at them from another language but which make total sense within a language itself.<br />
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* <span style="color: #008000;">amasach</span> is my favourite. It can mean both "accurate" and "accidental". Now these concepts aren't even in the same city, never mind ballpark, in English but the Gaelic base is <span style="color: #008000;">amas</span>, both a "target" and an "object you chance upon". With the <span style="color: #008000;">-ach</span> ending to make it an adjective, it's understandable that Gaelic word covers both the idea of hitting a target accurately but also the idea of hitting on something by accident, hence "accidental".<br />
* <span style="color: #008000;">fulangach</span> covers both "suffering" and "hardy, tough" which is a little odd when looked at from English but the verb <span style="color: #008000;">fulaing</span> means "suffer" so when you stick on <span style="color: #008000;">-ach</span> to make an adjective, the way Gaelic looks at it, it can equally refer to someone suffering something or the ability to withstand such conditions, hence "hardy, tough".<br />
* <span style="color: #008000;">guidh</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">grìos</span> mean "pray" and "curse" and "beseech" and "curse" respectively. I suspect the underlying idea is the "invocation" of some supernatural force to bring down either blessings - or doom - depending on the circumstances.<br />
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In some, you can see the way we look at things change over time:<br />
* <span style="color: #008000;">toirteil</span> means "fruitful", "bulky, stout" and "tasteful". It's easy to see how <span style="color: #008000;">toirt</span> "giving" and an adjectival ending <span style="color: #008000;">-eil</span> would give you the sense of something being fruitful (think of an apple tree that gives loads of fruit) and the resulting bulkiness from eating all these apples. What's more amusing is that the concept of bulkiness would come to include the idea of tastefulness. In the age of obesity, it's easy to forget that for most of our history, the danger came from starvation, not over-eating, so in the historical context, it's much more understandable how a stout body might be an attractive feature!<br />
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