Màthraichean-céile or Kinship - Eachdraidh nam mùthaidhean

Akerbeltz 12:30, 24 dhen Ghiblean 2015

2015-04-24T12:30:14Z

Akerbeltz 10:33, 11 dhen t-Sultain 2013

2013-09-11T10:33:22Z

Susanharris 10:02, 11 dhen t-Sultain 2013

2013-09-11T10:02:55Z

Susanharris 07:08, 9 dhen t-Sultain 2013

2013-09-09T07:08:34Z

Susanharris 07:04, 9 dhen t-Sultain 2013

2013-09-09T07:04:03Z

Susanharris 06:51, 9 dhen t-Sultain 2013

2013-09-09T06:51:31Z

Susanharris 06:41, 9 dhen t-Sultain 2013

2013-09-09T06:41:43Z

Susanharris 06:39, 9 dhen t-Sultain 2013

2013-09-09T06:39:39Z

Susanharris 06:34, 9 dhen t-Sultain 2013

2013-09-09T06:34:58Z

Thrissel 15:14, 22 dhen Ghiblean 2012

2012-04-22T15:14:15Z

@@ Loidhne 1: / Loidhne 1: @@
 The famous mother-in-law. No, don't worry, this is going to be completely unbiased, but it IS about kinship terms in Gaelic, which can be a bit tricky. Why?  Well, I was hoping you'd ask that question.
-For the most part, it's just vocabulary learning, but as always, there's more to it than that. To make it easier, we've drawn you a picture, which you can download [http://akerbeltz.org/images/3/3e/motheaghlach.pdf '''here'''].
+For the most part, it's just vocabulary learning, but as always, there's more to it than that. To make it easier, we've drawn you a picture, which you can download [http://akerbeltz.org/images/3/3e/motheaghlach.pdf '''here''']. The ‡ symbol by the way marks there the possessive pronoun goes, so you know that it's <span style="color: #008000;">mo mhac</span> but <span style="color: #008000;">nighean mo bhràthar</span> rather than <span style="color: #008000;">*mo nighean bràthar</span>.
 The most unusual grammatical feature of kinship terms, depending on your view, is that they either break the rules of lenition or they break the rules of not having two genitives in the same noun phrase. Let me give you an example or two:

@@ Loidhne 31: / Loidhne 31: @@
 If you are into traditional songs or sometimes read older materials, you may have been slightly confused when you came across two words used for "daughter" - <span style="color: #008000;">nighean</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">inghean</span>. They're both the same word. <span style="color: #008000;">Inghean</span> is the older form, derived from Old Irish <span style="color: #000080;">ingen</span>, but, at some point, the helping vowel that got inserted turned [iNʲjən] into [iNʲijən]. Modern Irish reflects this "halfway point" with <span style="color: #6600CC;">iníon</span> [iNʲiːn]. Subsequently, the initial [i] got dropped, the [j] vocalised, and we were left with the more familiar <span style="color: #008000;">nighean</span> [Nʲĩː.an].  This is also the reason for the two varying genitive forms given in dictionaries - <span style="color: #008000;">nighinn</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">ìghne</span> and the two varying plurals <span style="color: #008000;">nigheanan</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">ìghnean. Ìghne</span> is a reflection of the older <span style="color: #008000;">inghean</span>, which quite regularly adds <span style="color: #008000;">-e</span> and shortens a final syllable ending in a nasal or lateral, whereas <span style="color: #008000;">nighinn</span> reflects the attempts of the language to "bring the genitive in line" with the nominative.
-If you want to know why the word <span style="color: #008000;">piuthar</span> is irregular, read our page on [[Prosthetic F, backformation or eagal vs. feagal|backformation]].
+If you want to know why the word <span style="color: #008000;">piuthar</span> is irregular, read our page on [[Prosthetic f, backformation or eagal and feagal|backformation]].
 That's it really, the rest of the "family tree" is self explanatory.  You may want to have a quick look at the [[Genitives and Possessives|possessive pronouns page]] though, as it is very relevant to this topic.

@@ Loidhne 17: / Loidhne 17: @@
 We assume that <span style="color: #008000;">mac-peathar</span> "nephew" is a compound noun and stress shift seems to indicate this. If this is the case, <span style="color: #008000;">-peathar</span> functions as an adjectival noun. In other similar noun compounds, the adjectival noun is lenited if the preceding noun is feminine or has slenderised for genitive/plural, e.g. <span style="color: #008000;">bileag-fhiosrachaidh, cinn-chinnidh</span>. But, in compounds like <span style="color: #008000;">nighean-peathar</span> "niece", or <span style="color: #008000;">mac mic-peathar</span> "great nephew", we don't get lenition.
-You might say, hang on, maybe <span style="color: #008000;">mac peathar</span> isn't a closed compound, but simply two nouns, so there's no reason for <span style="color: #008000;">peathar</span> to lenite. Well, that's possible, but in this case, we violate another rule - that there may not be two genitives in the same noun phrase. <span style="color: #008000;">Mac peathar</span> on its own already contains a genitive, <span style="color: #008000;">peathar</span>. So mac <span style="color: #008000;">mic peathar</span> would therefore contain two genitives, <span style="color: #008000;">mic</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">peathar.</span>
+You might say, hang on, maybe <span style="color: #008000;">mac peathar</span> isn't a close-compound, but simply two nouns, so there's no reason for <span style="color: #008000;">peathar</span> to lenite. Well, that's possible, but in this case, we violate another rule - that there may not be two genitives in the same noun phrase. <span style="color: #008000;">Mac peathar</span> on its own already contains a genitive, <span style="color: #008000;">peathar</span>. So mac <span style="color: #008000;">mic peathar</span> would therefore contain two genitives, <span style="color: #008000;">mic</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">peathar.</span>
 The solution? There isn't one. It's just one of those cases where a language just goes and does something just because. So, you just have to remember to put all nouns following other nouns into the genitive e.g. <span style="color: #008000;">nighean mic nighinn bràthar m' athar.</span> I'll leave you to figure out who that is.
@@ Loidhne 27: / Loidhne 27: @@
 What else? Beyond grandmothers and grandfathers, just stick another <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-</span> in front of it. However, from your great-great-great-grandfather/mother onward you insert <span style="color: #008000;">seachad-</span>. So she would be <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-seachad-sinn-seanmhair</span>. Incidentally, some people lenite after <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-</span>, so you get <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-sheanmhair</span> etc.
-Notice there's slight confusion when it comes to husbands and wives. Bean and fear are the prototypical "man/woman" pair. In Irish, <span style="color: #6600CC;">bean</span> and <span style="color: #6600CC;">fear</span> still mean exactly that, woman/man. Curiously enough, <span style="color: #6600CC;">bean</span> has the secondary meaning of "wife". In Gaelic, however, there's been a slight shift of meaning and although <span style="color: #008000;">bean</span> still means woman, it primarily means "wife". One the other hand, <span style="color: #008000;">fear</span> still means "man". "Husband" has been taken over by <span style="color: #008000;">duine</span> but confusingly it can also mean "person", depending on the context. <span style="color: #008000;">An duine agam</span> always means "my husband" but <span style="color: #008000;">na daoine a chaidh a Ghlaschu</span> means "the people who went to Glasgow". Then what is the man/woman pair, in Gaelic?  Well, you can use <span style="color: #008000;">fear</span> for "man" but in the modern language <span style="color: #008000;">boireannach/fireannach</span> has largely taken on the pairing function. Notwithstanding, toilets are still labelled <span style="color: #008000;">Mnathan/Fir</span> - or <span style="color: #6600CC;">Mná/Fir</span>, in Ireland.
+Notice there's slight confusion when it comes to husbands and wives. <span style="color: #008000;">Bean</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">fear</span> are the prototypical "man/woman" pair. In Irish, <span style="color: #008000;">bean</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">fear</span> still mean exactly that, woman/man. Curiously enough, <span style="color: #008000;">bean</span> has the secondary meaning of "wife". In Gaelic, however, there's been a slight shift of meaning and although <span style="color: #008000;">bean</span> still means woman, it primarily means "wife". One the other hand, <span style="color: #008000;">fear</span> still means "man". "Husband" has been taken over by <span style="color: #008000;">duine</span> but confusingly it can also mean "person", depending on the context. <span style="color: #008000;">An duine agam</span> always means "my husband" but <span style="color: #008000;">na daoine a chaidh a Ghlaschu</span> means "the people who went to Glasgow". Then what is the man/woman pair, in Gaelic?  Well, you can use <span style="color: #008000;">fear</span> for "man" but in the modern language <span style="color: #008000;">boireannach/fireannach</span> has largely taken on the pairing function. Notwithstanding, toilets are still labelled <span style="color: #008000;">Mnathan/Fir</span> - or <span style="color: #6600CC;">Mná/Fir</span>, in Ireland.
 If you are into traditional songs or sometimes read older materials, you may have been slightly confused when you came across two words used for "daughter" - <span style="color: #008000;">nighean</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">inghean</span>. They're both the same word. <span style="color: #008000;">Inghean</span> is the older form, derived from Old Irish <span style="color: #000080;">ingen</span>, but, at some point, the helping vowel that got inserted turned [iNʲjən] into [iNʲijən]. Modern Irish reflects this "halfway point" with <span style="color: #6600CC;">iníon</span> [iNʲiːn]. Subsequently, the initial [i] got dropped, the [j] vocalised, and we were left with the more familiar <span style="color: #008000;">nighean</span> [Nʲĩː.an].  This is also the reason for the two varying genitive forms given in dictionaries - <span style="color: #008000;">nighinn</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">ìghne</span> and the two varying plurals <span style="color: #008000;">nigheanan</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">ìghnean. Ìghne</span> is a reflection of the older <span style="color: #008000;">inghean</span>, which quite regularly adds <span style="color: #008000;">-e</span> and shortens a final syllable ending in a nasal or lateral, whereas <span style="color: #008000;">nighinn</span> reflects the attempts of the language to "bring the genitive in line" with the nominative.

@@ Loidhne 27: / Loidhne 27: @@
 What else? Beyond grandmothers and grandfathers, just stick another <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-</span> in front of it. However, from your great-great-great-grandfather/mother onward you insert <span style="color: #008000;">seachad-</span>. So she would be <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-seachad-sinn-seanmhair</span>. Incidentally, some people lenite after <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-</span>, so you get <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-sheanmhair</span> etc.
-Notice there's slight confusion when it comes to husbands and wives. <span style="color: #6600CC;">Bean</span> and <span style="color: #6600CC;">fear</span> are the prototypical "man/woman" pair. In Irish, <span style="color: #6600CC;">bean</span> and <span style="color: #6600CC;">fear</span> still mean exactly that, woman/man. Curiously enough, <span style="color: #6600CC;">bean</span> has the secondary meaning of "wife". In Gaelic, however, there's been a slight shift of meaning and although <span style="color: #008000;">bean</span> still means woman, it primarily means "wife". One the other hand, <span style="color: #008000;">fear</span> still means "man". "Husband" has been taken over by <span style="color: #008000;">duine</span> but confusingly it can also mean "person", depending on the context. <span style="color: #008000;">An duine agam</span> always means "my husband" but <span style="color: #008000;">na daoine a chaidh a Ghlaschu</span> means "the people who went to Glasgow". Then what is the man/woman pair, in Gaelic?  Well, you can use <span style="color: #008000;">fear</span> for "man" but in the modern language <span style="color: #008000;">boireannach/fireannach</span> has largely taken on the pairing function. Notwithstanding, toilets are still labelled <span style="color: #008000;">Mnathan/Fir</span> - or <span style="color: #6600CC;">Mná/Fir</span>, in Ireland.
+Notice there's slight confusion when it comes to husbands and wives. Bean and fear are the prototypical "man/woman" pair. In Irish, <span style="color: #6600CC;">bean</span> and <span style="color: #6600CC;">fear</span> still mean exactly that, woman/man. Curiously enough, <span style="color: #6600CC;">bean</span> has the secondary meaning of "wife". In Gaelic, however, there's been a slight shift of meaning and although <span style="color: #008000;">bean</span> still means woman, it primarily means "wife". One the other hand, <span style="color: #008000;">fear</span> still means "man". "Husband" has been taken over by <span style="color: #008000;">duine</span> but confusingly it can also mean "person", depending on the context. <span style="color: #008000;">An duine agam</span> always means "my husband" but <span style="color: #008000;">na daoine a chaidh a Ghlaschu</span> means "the people who went to Glasgow". Then what is the man/woman pair, in Gaelic?  Well, you can use <span style="color: #008000;">fear</span> for "man" but in the modern language <span style="color: #008000;">boireannach/fireannach</span> has largely taken on the pairing function. Notwithstanding, toilets are still labelled <span style="color: #008000;">Mnathan/Fir</span> - or <span style="color: #6600CC;">Mná/Fir</span>, in Ireland.
 If you are into traditional songs or sometimes read older materials, you may have been slightly confused when you came across two words used for "daughter" - <span style="color: #008000;">nighean</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">inghean</span>. They're both the same word. <span style="color: #008000;">Inghean</span> is the older form, derived from Old Irish <span style="color: #000080;">ingen</span>, but, at some point, the helping vowel that got inserted turned [iNʲjən] into [iNʲijən]. Modern Irish reflects this "halfway point" with <span style="color: #6600CC;">iníon</span> [iNʲiːn]. Subsequently, the initial [i] got dropped, the [j] vocalised, and we were left with the more familiar <span style="color: #008000;">nighean</span> [Nʲĩː.an].  This is also the reason for the two varying genitive forms given in dictionaries - <span style="color: #008000;">nighinn</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">ìghne</span> and the two varying plurals <span style="color: #008000;">nigheanan</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">ìghnean. Ìghne</span> is a reflection of the older <span style="color: #008000;">inghean</span>, which quite regularly adds <span style="color: #008000;">-e</span> and shortens a final syllable ending in a nasal or lateral, whereas <span style="color: #008000;">nighinn</span> reflects the attempts of the language to "bring the genitive in line" with the nominative.

@@ Loidhne 27: / Loidhne 27: @@
 What else? Beyond grandmothers and grandfathers, just stick another <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-</span> in front of it. However, from your great-great-great-grandfather/mother onward you insert <span style="color: #008000;">seachad-</span>. So she would be <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-seachad-sinn-seanmhair</span>. Incidentally, some people lenite after <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-</span>, so you get <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-sheanmhair</span> etc.
-Notice there's slight confusion when it comes to husbands and wives. Bean and fear are the prototypical "man/woman" word pair. In Irish, <span style="color: #6600CC;">fear</span> and <span style="color: #6600CC;">bean</span> still mean exactly man/woman. Curiously enough, <span style="color: #6600CC;">bean</span> has the secondary meaning of "wife". In Gaelic, however, there's been a slight shift of meaning and although <span style="color: #008000;">bean</span> still means woman, it primarily means "wife". One the other hand, <span style="color: #008000;">fear</span> still means "man". "Husband" has been taken over by <span style="color: #008000;">duine</span> but confusingly it can also mean "person", depending on the context. <span style="color: #008000;">An duine agam</span> always means "my husband" but <span style="color: #008000;">na daoine a chaidh a Ghlaschu</span> means "the people who went to Glasgow". Then what is the man/woman word pair, in Gaelic?  Well, you can use <span style="color: #008000;">fear</span> for "man" but in the modern language <span style="color: #008000;">boireannach/fireannach</span> has largely taken on the pairing function. Notwithstanding, toilets are still labelled <span style="color: #008000;">Mnathan/Fir</span> - or <span style="color: #000080;">Mná/Fir</span>, in Ireland.
+Notice there's slight confusion when it comes to husbands and wives. <span style="color: #6600CC;">Bean</span> and <span style="color: #6600CC;">fear</span> are the prototypical "man/woman" pair. In Irish, <span style="color: #6600CC;">bean</span> and <span style="color: #6600CC;">fear</span> still mean exactly that, woman/man. Curiously enough, <span style="color: #6600CC;">bean</span> has the secondary meaning of "wife". In Gaelic, however, there's been a slight shift of meaning and although <span style="color: #008000;">bean</span> still means woman, it primarily means "wife". One the other hand, <span style="color: #008000;">fear</span> still means "man". "Husband" has been taken over by <span style="color: #008000;">duine</span> but confusingly it can also mean "person", depending on the context. <span style="color: #008000;">An duine agam</span> always means "my husband" but <span style="color: #008000;">na daoine a chaidh a Ghlaschu</span> means "the people who went to Glasgow". Then what is the man/woman pair, in Gaelic?  Well, you can use <span style="color: #008000;">fear</span> for "man" but in the modern language <span style="color: #008000;">boireannach/fireannach</span> has largely taken on the pairing function. Notwithstanding, toilets are still labelled <span style="color: #008000;">Mnathan/Fir</span> - or <span style="color: #6600CC;">Mná/Fir</span>, in Ireland.
 If you are into traditional songs or sometimes read older materials, you may have been slightly confused when you came across two words used for "daughter" - <span style="color: #008000;">nighean</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">inghean</span>. They're both the same word. <span style="color: #008000;">Inghean</span> is the older form, derived from Old Irish <span style="color: #000080;">ingen</span>, but, at some point, the helping vowel that got inserted turned [iNʲjən] into [iNʲijən]. Modern Irish reflects this "halfway point" with <span style="color: #6600CC;">iníon</span> [iNʲiːn]. Subsequently, the initial [i] got dropped, the [j] vocalised, and we were left with the more familiar <span style="color: #008000;">nighean</span> [Nʲĩː.an].  This is also the reason for the two varying genitive forms given in dictionaries - <span style="color: #008000;">nighinn</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">ìghne</span> and the two varying plurals <span style="color: #008000;">nigheanan</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">ìghnean. Ìghne</span> is a reflection of the older <span style="color: #008000;">inghean</span>, which quite regularly adds <span style="color: #008000;">-e</span> and shortens a final syllable ending in a nasal or lateral, whereas <span style="color: #008000;">nighinn</span> reflects the attempts of the language to "bring the genitive in line" with the nominative.

@@ Loidhne 15: / Loidhne 15: @@
 Now there are two ways of looking at this.
-We assume that <span style="color: #008000;">mac-peathar</span> "nephew" is a compound noun and stress shift seems to indicate this. If this is the case, <span style="color: #008000;">-peathar</span> functions as an adjectival noun. In other similar noun compounds, the adjectival noun is lenited if the preceding noun is feminine or has slenderised or has a genitive/plural, e.g. <span style="color: #008000;">bileag-fhiosrachaidh, cinn-chinnidh</span>. But, in compounds like <span style="color: #008000;">nighean-peathar</span> "niece", or <span style="color: #008000;">mac mic-peathar</span> "great nephew", we don't get lenition.
+We assume that <span style="color: #008000;">mac-peathar</span> "nephew" is a compound noun and stress shift seems to indicate this. If this is the case, <span style="color: #008000;">-peathar</span> functions as an adjectival noun. In other similar noun compounds, the adjectival noun is lenited if the preceding noun is feminine or has slenderised for genitive/plural, e.g. <span style="color: #008000;">bileag-fhiosrachaidh, cinn-chinnidh</span>. But, in compounds like <span style="color: #008000;">nighean-peathar</span> "niece", or <span style="color: #008000;">mac mic-peathar</span> "great nephew", we don't get lenition.
 You might say, hang on, maybe <span style="color: #008000;">mac peathar</span> isn't a closed compound, but simply two nouns, so there's no reason for <span style="color: #008000;">peathar</span> to lenite. Well, that's possible, but in this case, we violate another rule - that there may not be two genitives in the same noun phrase. <span style="color: #008000;">Mac peathar</span> on its own already contains a genitive, <span style="color: #008000;">peathar</span>. So mac <span style="color: #008000;">mic peathar</span> would therefore contain two genitives, <span style="color: #008000;">mic</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">peathar.</span>

@@ Loidhne 3: / Loidhne 3: @@
 For the most part, it's just vocabulary learning, but as always, there's more to it than that. To make it easier, we've drawn you a picture, which you can download [http://akerbeltz.org/images/3/3e/motheaghlach.pdf '''here'''].
-The most unusual grammatical feature of kinship terms is, that depending on your view they either break the rules of lenition or they break the rules of not having two genitives in the same noun phrase. Let me give you an example or two:
+The most unusual grammatical feature of kinship terms, depending on your view, is that they either break the rules of lenition or they break the rules of not having two genitives in the same noun phrase. Let me give you an example or two:
 {| style="width: 25%;" border="0" align="center"
@@ Loidhne 15: / Loidhne 15: @@
 Now there are two ways of looking at this.
-We assume that <span style="color: #008000;">mac-peathar</span> "nephew" is a compound noun (stress shift seems to indicate this). If this is the case, <span style="color: #008000;">-peathar</span> functions as an adjectival noun. In other similar noun compounds, the adjectival noun is lenited if the preceding noun is feminine or has slenderised for genitive/plural, e.g. <span style="color: #008000;">bileag-fhiosrachaidh, cinn-chinnidh</span> ... But in compounds like <span style="color: #008000;">nighean-peathar</span> "niece" or <span style="color: #008000;">mac mic-peathar</span> "great nephew" we don't get lenition.
+We assume that <span style="color: #008000;">mac-peathar</span> "nephew" is a compound noun and stress shift seems to indicate this. If this is the case, <span style="color: #008000;">-peathar</span> functions as an adjectival noun. In other similar noun compounds, the adjectival noun is lenited if the preceding noun is feminine or has slenderised or genitive/plural, e.g. <span style="color: #008000;">bileag-fhiosrachaidh, cinn-chinnidh</span>. But, in compounds like <span style="color: #008000;">nighean-peathar</span> "niece" or <span style="color: #008000;">mac mic-peathar</span> "great nephew", we don't get lenition.
-You might say, hang on, maybe <span style="color: #008000;">mac peathar</span> isn't a close compound and simply two nouns, so there is no reason for <span style="color: #008000;">peathar</span> to lenite. Well, that is possible, but in this case, we violate another rule - that there may not be two genitives in the same noun phrase. <span style="color: #008000;">Mac peathar</span> on its own already contains a genitive, <span style="color: #008000;">peathar</span>. So mac <span style="color: #008000;">mic peathar</span> would therefore contain two genitives, <span style="color: #008000;">mic</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">peathar.</span>
+You might say, hang on, maybe <span style="color: #008000;">mac peathar</span> isn't a closed compound, but simply two nouns, so there's no reason for <span style="color: #008000;">peathar</span> to lenite. Well, that's possible, but in this case, we violate another rule - that there may not be two genitives in the same noun phrase. <span style="color: #008000;">Mac peathar</span> on its own already contains a genitive, <span style="color: #008000;">peathar</span>. So mac <span style="color: #008000;">mic peathar</span> would therefore contain two genitives, <span style="color: #008000;">mic</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">peathar.</span>
-The solution? There isn't one. It's just one of those cases where a language just goes and does something just because. So you just have to remember to put all nouns following other nouns into the genitive e.g. <span style="color: #008000;">nighean mic nighinn bràthar m' athar.</span> I'll leave you to figure out who that is.
+The solution? There isn't one. It's just one of those cases where a language just goes and does something just because. So, you just have to remember to put all nouns following other nouns into the genitive e.g. <span style="color: #008000;">nighean mic nighinn bràthar m' athar.</span> I'll leave you to figure out who that is.
-This also applies to genealogical phrases - <span style="color: #008000;">Eòghann mac mhic Dhòmhnaill mhic Theàrlaich mhic Dhonnachaidh</span> ... until you run out of breath.  All of these nouns are in the genitive. In this settings, <span style="color: #008000;">mhic</span> is pronounced as [ĩçgʲ] which is why you sometimes see it written as <span style="color: #008000;">'ic</span>.
+This also applies to genealogical phrases - <span style="color: #008000;">Eòghann mac mhic Dhòmhnaill mhic Theàrlaich mhic Dhonnachaidh</span> ... until you run out of breath.  All of those nouns are in the genitive. In this setting, <span style="color: #008000;">mhic</span> is pronounced as [ĩçgʲ] which is why you sometimes see it written as <span style="color: #008000;">'ic</span>.
-The only exception (what would life be without them!) is <span style="color: #008000;">céile</span>, which behaves regularly, so we get <span style="color: #008000;">màthair-chéile</span> but <span style="color: #008000;">athair-céile, piuthair-chéile</span> but <span style="color: #008000;">bràthair-céile</span> etc.
+The only exception (what would life be without them!) is <span style="color: #008000;">céile</span>, which behaves regularly. So, we get <span style="color: #008000;">màthair-chéile</span> but <span style="color: #008000;">athair-céile, piuthair-chéile</span> but <span style="color: #008000;">bràthair-céile</span> etc.
-What else? Beyond grandmothers and grandfathers, just stick another <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-</span> in front of it. From your great-great-great-grandfather/mother onwards though you insert <span style="color: #008000;">seachad-</span>. So she would be <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-seachad-sinn-seanmhair</span>. Some people, incidentally, lenite after <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-</span>, so you get <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-sheanmhair</span> etc.
+What else? Beyond grandmothers and grandfathers, just stick another <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-</span> in front of it. However, from your great-great-great-grandfather/mother onward you insert <span style="color: #008000;">seachad-</span>. So she would be <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-seachad-sinn-seanmhair</span>. Incidentally, some people lenite after <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-</span>, so you get <span style="color: #008000;">sinn-sheanmhair</span> etc.
-There is slight confusion when it comes to husbands and wives, incidentally. Bean and fear are the prototypical "man/woman" word pair. In Irish <span style="color: #000080;">bean</span> and <span style="color: #000080;">fear</span> still mean exactly that - even though curiously enough <span style="color: #008000;">bean</span> has the secondary meaning of "wife". In Gaelic there has been a slight shift of meaning however. <span style="color: #008000;">Bean</span> still means woman, but it primarily means "wife". <span style="color: #008000;">Fear</span> on the other hand still means "man". "Husband" has been taken over by <span style="color: #008000;">duine</span> - which confusingly also can mean "person" - depends on the context. <span style="color: #008000;">An duine agam</span> always means "my husband" - but <span style="color: #008000;">na daoine a chaidh a Ghlaschu</span> means "the people who went to Glasgow". So what is the man/woman word pair then? Well, you can use <span style="color: #008000;">fear</span> for "man" but in the modern language <span style="color: #008000;">boireannach/fireannach</span> has largely taken on that function. Notwithstanding, toilets are still labelled <span style="color: #008000;">Mnathan/Fir</span> - or <span style="color: #000080;">Mná/Fir</span> in Ireland.
+Notice there's slight confusion when it comes to husbands and wives. Bean and fear are the prototypical "man/woman" word pair. In Irish, <span style="color: #6600CC;">fear</span> and <span style="color: #6600CC;">bean</span> still mean exactly man/woman. Curiously enough, <span style="color: #6600CC;">bean</span> has the secondary meaning of "wife". In Gaelic, however, there's been a slight shift of meaning and although <span style="color: #008000;">bean</span> still means woman, it primarily means "wife". One the other hand, <span style="color: #008000;">fear</span> still means "man". "Husband" has been taken over by <span style="color: #008000;">duine</span> but confusingly it can also mean "person", depending on the context. <span style="color: #008000;">An duine agam</span> always means "my husband" but <span style="color: #008000;">na daoine a chaidh a Ghlaschu</span> means "the people who went to Glasgow". Then what is the man/woman word pair, in Gaelic?  Well, you can use <span style="color: #008000;">fear</span> for "man" but in the modern language <span style="color: #008000;">boireannach/fireannach</span> has largely taken on the pairing function. Notwithstanding, toilets are still labelled <span style="color: #008000;">Mnathan/Fir</span> - or <span style="color: #000080;">Mná/Fir</span>, in Ireland.
-If you are into traditional songs or sometimes read older materials, you may have come across two words used for "daughter" - <span style="color: #008000;">nighean</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">inghean</span> - and gotten slightly confused by this. They are both the same word. <span style="color: #008000;">Inghean</span> is the older form, derived from Old Irish <span style="color: #000080;">ingen</span>, but at some point the helping vowel that got inserted turned [iNʲjən] into [iNʲijən]. Modern Irish reflects this "halfway point" with <span style="color: #000080;">iníon</span> [iNʲiːn]. The initial [i] subsequently got dropped and the [j] vocalised and we were left with the more familiar <span style="color: #008000;">nighean</span> [Nʲĩː.an].  This is also the reason for the two varying genitive forms given in dictionaries - <span style="color: #008000;">nighinn</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">ìghne</span> and the plurals <span style="color: #008000;">nigheanan</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">ìghnean. Ìghne</span> is a reflection of the older <span style="color: #008000;">inghean</span>, which quite regularly adds <span style="color: #008000;">-e</span> and shortens a final syllable ending in a nasal or lateral, whereas <span style="color: #008000;">nighinn</span> reflects the attempts of the language to "bring the genitive in line" with the nominative.
+If you are into traditional songs or sometimes read older materials, you may have been slightly confused when you came across two words used for "daughter" - <span style="color: #008000;">nighean</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">inghean</span>. They're both the same word. <span style="color: #008000;">Inghean</span> is the older form, derived from Old Irish <span style="color: #000080;">ingen</span>, but, at some point, the helping vowel that got inserted turned [iNʲjən] into [iNʲijən]. Modern Irish reflects this "halfway point" with <span style="color: #6600CC;">iníon</span> [iNʲiːn]. Subsequently, the initial [i] got dropped, the [j] vocalised, and we were left with the more familiar <span style="color: #008000;">nighean</span> [Nʲĩː.an].  This is also the reason for the two varying genitive forms given in dictionaries - <span style="color: #008000;">nighinn</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">ìghne</span> and the two varying plurals <span style="color: #008000;">nigheanan</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">ìghnean. Ìghne</span> is a reflection of the older <span style="color: #008000;">inghean</span>, which quite regularly adds <span style="color: #008000;">-e</span> and shortens a final syllable ending in a nasal or lateral, whereas <span style="color: #008000;">nighinn</span> reflects the attempts of the language to "bring the genitive in line" with the nominative.
-If you want to know why the word <span style="color: #008000;">piuthar</span> is irregular, read our page on [[Prosthetic F, backformation or Eagal vs feagal|backformation]].
+If you want to know why the word <span style="color: #008000;">piuthar</span> is irregular, read our page on [[Prosthetic F, backformation or eagal vs. feagal|backformation]].
 That's it really, the rest of the "family tree" is self explanatory.  You may want to have a quick look at the [[Genitives and Possessives|possessive pronouns page]] though, as it is very relevant to this topic.

@@ Loidhne 33: / Loidhne 33: @@
 If you want to know why the word <span style="color: #008000;">piuthar</span> is irregular, read our page on [[Prosthetic F, backformation or Eagal vs feagal|backformation]].
-That's it really, the rest of the "family tree" is self explanatory.  You may want to have a quick look at the [[Genitves and Possessives|possessive pronouns page]] though, as it is very relevant to this topic.
+That's it really, the rest of the "family tree" is self explanatory.  You may want to have a quick look at the [[Genitives and Possessives|possessive pronouns page]] though, as it is very relevant to this topic.
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