Adverbs or Thall 's a-bhos - Eachdraidh nam mùthaidhean

Susanharris 03:00, 13 dhen t-Sultain 2013

2013-09-13T03:00:09Z

Susanharris 19:48, 12 dhen t-Sultain 2013

2013-09-12T19:48:29Z

Susanharris 19:46, 12 dhen t-Sultain 2013

2013-09-12T19:46:22Z

Susanharris 19:37, 12 dhen t-Sultain 2013

2013-09-12T19:37:45Z

Susanharris 06:04, 12 dhen t-Sultain 2013

2013-09-12T06:04:15Z

Susanharris 05:57, 12 dhen t-Sultain 2013

2013-09-12T05:57:45Z

Akerbeltz 00:45, 19 dhen Ghearran 2012

2012-02-19T00:45:14Z

Akerbeltz 00:44, 19 dhen Ghearran 2012

2012-02-19T00:44:14Z

Akerbeltz 00:43, 19 dhen Ghearran 2012

2012-02-19T00:43:43Z

Akerbeltz 00:39, 19 dhen Ghearran 2012

2012-02-19T00:39:30Z

@@ Loidhne 38: / Loidhne 38: @@
 You can combine them to emphasise the "over here" or "over there" bit: <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhos an-seo, thall an-siud, thall an-sin</span>.
-The fun part starts when you realise that Gaelic distinguishes between location and motion and has corresponding adverbs:
+The fun starts when you realise that Gaelic distinguishes between location and motion and has corresponding adverbs:
 {| style="width: 75%;" border="0" align="center"
@@ Loidhne 54: / Loidhne 54: @@
 |}
-This is the fun bit - you have to watch out whether a movement is away from the speaker or towards him.  If you're downstairs, and your cat is running up the stairs trying to get away from you, she is going <span style="color: #008000;">suas</span> [suəs]. If you're standing on top of the stairs and Tiddles is zooming up the stairs, towards you, she is coming <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> [əˈniəs].
+And fun get's even better - you have to watch out whether a movement is away from the speaker or towards him.  If you're downstairs, and your cat is running up the stairs trying to get away from you, she is going <span style="color: #008000;">suas</span> [suəs]. If you're standing on top of the stairs and Tiddles is zooming up the stairs, towards you, she is coming <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> [əˈniəs].
 And the other way round - if you're at the top of the stairs and your cat is running away from you, down the stairs, she is going <span style="color: #008000;">sìos</span> [ʃiəs].  But, if you're at the bottom of the stairs and Tiddles is falling down the stairs towards you, she is coming <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> [əˈnuəs]. Confusingly, some dialects have merged <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> into <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span>, in which case <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> stands for 'movement towards you either upwards or downwards'.

@@ Loidhne 56: / Loidhne 56: @@
 This is the fun bit - you have to watch out whether a movement is away from the speaker or towards him.  If you're downstairs, and your cat is running up the stairs trying to get away from you, she is going <span style="color: #008000;">suas</span> [suəs]. If you're standing on top of the stairs and Tiddles is zooming up the stairs, towards you, she is coming <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> [əˈniəs].
-And the other way round - if you're at the top of the stairs and your cat is running away from you, down the stairs, she is going <span style="color: #008000;">sìos</span>sìos [ʃiəs].  But, if you're at the bottom of the stairs and Tiddles is falling down the stairs towards you, she is coming <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> [əˈnuəs]. Confusingly, some dialects have merged <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> into <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span>, in which case <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> stands for 'movement towards you either upwards or downwards'.
+And the other way round - if you're at the top of the stairs and your cat is running away from you, down the stairs, she is going <span style="color: #008000;">sìos</span> [ʃiəs].  But, if you're at the bottom of the stairs and Tiddles is falling down the stairs towards you, she is coming <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> [əˈnuəs]. Confusingly, some dialects have merged <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> into <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span>, in which case <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> stands for 'movement towards you either upwards or downwards'.
 It may help to think of them as <span style="color: #008000;">*an-shìos</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">*an-shuas</span>, from below and from above, which is where these words originally come from. That's also the reason why the <span style="color: #008000;">n</span> at the beginning of <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> are weak as if they were word medial or final - because they originally were stuck at the end of <span style="color: #008000;">an-</span>.

@@ Loidhne 56: / Loidhne 56: @@
 This is the fun bit - you have to watch out whether a movement is away from the speaker or towards him.  If you're downstairs, and your cat is running up the stairs trying to get away from you, she is going <span style="color: #008000;">suas</span> [suəs]. If you're standing on top of the stairs and Tiddles is zooming up the stairs, towards you, she is coming <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> [əˈniəs].
-And the other way round - if your owner is running away from you down the stairs, he is going <span style="color: #008000;">sìos</span> [ʃiəs], if Tiddles is falling down the stairs towards you, she is coming <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> [əˈnuəs].
+And the other way round - if you're at the top of the stairs and your cat is running away from you, down the stairs, she is going <span style="color: #008000;">sìos</span>sìos [ʃiəs].  But, if you're at the bottom of the stairs and Tiddles is falling down the stairs towards you, she is coming <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> [əˈnuəs]. Confusingly, some dialects have merged <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> into <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span>, in which case <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> stands for 'movement towards you either upwards or downwards'.
 It may help to think of them as <span style="color: #008000;">*an-shìos</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">*an-shuas</span>, from below and from above, which is where these words originally come from. That's also the reason why the <span style="color: #008000;">n</span> at the beginning of <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> are weak as if they were word medial or final - because they originally were stuck at the end of <span style="color: #008000;">an-</span>.

@@ Loidhne 54: / Loidhne 54: @@
 |}
-This is the fun bit - you have to watch out whether a movement is towards the speaker or away from him. If your cat is running up the stairs in front of you, she is going <span style="color: #008000;">suas</span>, if you are standing on top of the stairs and your owner is zooming up the stairs towards you, he is coming <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> [əˈniəs].
+This is the fun bit - you have to watch out whether a movement is away from the speaker or towards him.  If you're downstairs, and your cat is running up the stairs trying to get away from you, she is going <span style="color: #008000;">suas</span> [suəs]. If you're standing on top of the stairs and Tiddles is zooming up the stairs, towards you, she is coming <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> [əˈniəs].
-And the other way round - if your owner is running away from you down the stairs, he is going <span style="color: #008000;">sìos</span> [ʃiəs], if Tiddles is falling down the stairs towards you, she is coming <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> [əˈnuəs]. Confusingly, some dialects have merged <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> into <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span>, in which case <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> stands for 'movement towards you either up or downwards'.
+And the other way round - if your owner is running away from you down the stairs, he is going <span style="color: #008000;">sìos</span> [ʃiəs], if Tiddles is falling down the stairs towards you, she is coming <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> [əˈnuəs].
 It may help to think of them as <span style="color: #008000;">*an-shìos</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">*an-shuas</span>, from below and from above, which is where these words originally come from. That's also the reason why the <span style="color: #008000;">n</span> at the beginning of <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> are weak as if they were word medial or final - because they originally were stuck at the end of <span style="color: #008000;">an-</span>.

@@ Loidhne 58: / Loidhne 58: @@
 And the other way round - if your owner is running away from you down the stairs, he is going <span style="color: #008000;">sìos</span> [ʃiəs], if Tiddles is falling down the stairs towards you, she is coming <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> [əˈnuəs]. Confusingly, some dialects have merged <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> into <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span>, in which case <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> stands for 'movement towards you either up or downwards'.
-It may help you to think of them as <span style="color: #008000;">*an-shìos</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">*an-shuas</span>, from below and from above, which is where these words originally come from which is also the reason why the <span style="color: #008000;">n</span> at the beginning of <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> are weak as if they were word medial or final - because they originally were stuck at the end of <span style="color: #008000;">an-</span>.
+It may help to think of them as <span style="color: #008000;">*an-shìos</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">*an-shuas</span>, from below and from above, which is where these words originally come from. That's also the reason why the <span style="color: #008000;">n</span> at the beginning of <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> are weak as if they were word medial or final - because they originally were stuck at the end of <span style="color: #008000;">an-</span>.
 But let's move on.  We still have to deal with movement in the <span style="color: #008000;">thall</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhos</span> arena:
@@ Loidhne 74: / Loidhne 74: @@
 That's it.
-Err ... not quite, as we've had a question about <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhàn</span> "down" (motion) and <span style="color: #008000;">an-àird</span> "up" (motion). This used to be a question of Mainland dialects (which used <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhàn</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">an-àird</span>) and Island Dialects (which use the above system). Today it's a stylistic question - <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhàn</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">an-àird</span> definitely being the marked terms. Which means that they are less common and sound something between off and posh when you use them, although <span style="color: #008000;">an-àird</span> is more acceptable than <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhàn</span>.
+Err ... not quite, as we've had a question about <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhàn</span> "down" (motion) and <span style="color: #008000;">an-àird</span> "up" (motion). This used to be a question of Mainland dialects (which used <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhàn</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">an-àird</span>) and Island Dialects (which use the above system). Today it's a stylistic question - <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhàn</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">an-àird</span> definitely being the marked terms. A "marked term" means that it's less common and sounds something between off and posh when you use one, although <span style="color: #008000;">an-àird</span> is more acceptable than <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhàn</span>.
 <br />
 <br />
 {{BeaganGramair}}

@@ Loidhne 1: / Loidhne 1: @@
-Fascinating topic ... although linguists will tell you that Gaelic is actually quite boring in terms of its adverbial system.  Caucasian languages for example make a distinction of whether the object in question is higher, lower or on the same level as you and whether it is visible or hidden from view. But I digress.
+Fascinating topic ... although linguists will tell you that Gaelic is actually quite boring in terms of its adverbial system.  For example, Caucasian languages make a distinction of whether the object in question is higher, lower, or on the same level as you and whether it's visible or hidden from view. But I digress.
-To start with, Gaelic distinguishes three spatial locations: proximal, medial and distal. Which in human means something that is close to the speaker, something that is close to the addressee and something that is remote from either. Luckily Doraemon has agreed to help us out with an example:
+To start with, Gaelic distinguishes three spatial locations: proximal, medial and distal. Which in human means something that's close to the speaker, something that's close to the addressee, and something that's remote from either. Luckily, Doraemon has agreed to help us out with an example:
 {| style="width: 75%;" border="0" align="center"
 |-
@@ Loidhne 8: / Loidhne 8: @@
 |}
-Why the arrows? Because <span style="color: #008000;">an-seo</span> [əˈʃɔ], <span style="color: #008000;">an-sin</span> [əˈʃin] and <span style="color: #008000;">an-siud</span> [əˈʃid] are quite 'specific' in their reference, as in, you are making a clear statement about where something is. These three vary quite a bit in their pronunciation, so here's an overview:
+Why the arrows? Because <span style="color: #008000;">an-seo</span> [əˈʃɔ], <span style="color: #008000;">an-sin</span> [əˈʃin], and <span style="color: #008000;">an-siud</span> [əˈʃid] are quite 'specific' in their reference. When you use them, you're making a clear statement about where something is. These three vary quite a bit in their pronunciation, so here's an overview:
 {| style="width: 25%;" border="0" align="center"
@@ Loidhne 24: / Loidhne 24: @@
 |}
-What's the difference? The first line is definitely careful speech, the second normal/colloquial and the third and fourth just colloquial variants.
+What's the difference? The first line is definitely careful speech, the second normal/colloquial, and the third and fourth just colloquial variants.
 The above remark about being specific is important because Gaelic has another set of adverbs which are the exact opposite, <span style="color: #008000;">thall</span> [hauL] and <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhos</span> [əˈvos]:
@@ Loidhne 34: / Loidhne 34: @@
 |}
-Slightly exaggerated but that is essentially the difference - <span style="color: #008000;">thall</span> is the space some way away from the speaker but with no specification of how far and where in location to the person addressed. <span style="color: #008000;">A-bhos</span> is similarly vague and so they often get translated "by over here, hereabouts" and "over there, thereabouts".
+Slightly exaggerated but that's essentially the difference - <span style="color: #008000;">thall</span> is the space some way away from the speaker but with no specification of how far or where in location to the person addressed. <span style="color: #008000;">A-bhos</span> is similarly vague, so they often get translated "by over here, hereabouts" and "over there, thereabouts".
-You can combine them to emphasise the "over here" or over there bit": <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhos an-seo, thall an-siud, thall an-sin</span>.
+You can combine them to emphasise the "over here" or "over there" bit: <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhos an-seo, thall an-siud, thall an-sin</span>.
 The fun part starts when you realise that Gaelic distinguishes between location and motion and has corresponding adverbs:

@@ Loidhne 8: / Loidhne 8: @@
 |}
-Why the arrows? Because an-seo [əˈʃɔ], an-sin [əˈʃin] and an-siud [əˈʃəd̊] are quite 'specific' in their reference, as in, you are making a clear statement about where something is. These three vary quite a bit in their pronunciation, so here's an overview:
+Why the arrows? Because <span style="color: #008000;">an-seo</span> [əˈʃɔ], <span style="color: #008000;">an-sin</span> [əˈʃin] and <span style="color: #008000;">an-siud</span> [əˈʃid] are quite 'specific' in their reference, as in, you are making a clear statement about where something is. These three vary quite a bit in their pronunciation, so here's an overview:
 {| style="width: 25%;" border="0" align="center"
 |-
-| an-seo || an-sin || an-siud
+| <span style="color: #008000;">an-seo</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">an-sin</span> || <span style="color: #008000;">an-siud</span>
 |-
 | [əNʲˈʃɔ] || [əNʲˈʃin] || [əNʲˈʃid]
@@ Loidhne 26: / Loidhne 26: @@
 What's the difference? The first line is definitely careful speech, the second normal/colloquial and the third and fourth just colloquial variants.
-The above remark about being specific is important because Gaelic has another set of adverbs which are the exact opposite, thall [hauL] and a-bhos [əˈvos]:
+The above remark about being specific is important because Gaelic has another set of adverbs which are the exact opposite, <span style="color: #008000;">thall</span> [hauL] and <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhos</span> [əˈvos]:
 {| style="width: 75%;" border="0" align="center"
@@ Loidhne 34: / Loidhne 34: @@
 |}
-Slightly exaggerated but that is essentially the difference - thall is the space some way away from the speaker but with no specification of how far and where in location to the person addressed. A-bhos is similarly vague and so they often get translated "by over here, hereabouts" and "over there, thereabouts".
+Slightly exaggerated but that is essentially the difference - <span style="color: #008000;">thall</span> is the space some way away from the speaker but with no specification of how far and where in location to the person addressed. <span style="color: #008000;">A-bhos</span> is similarly vague and so they often get translated "by over here, hereabouts" and "over there, thereabouts".
-You can combine them to emphasise the "over here" or over there bit": a-bhos an-seo, thall an-siud, thall an-sin.
+You can combine them to emphasise the "over here" or over there bit": <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhos an-seo, thall an-siud, thall an-sin</span>.
 The fun part starts when you realise that Gaelic distinguishes between location and motion and has corresponding adverbs:
@@ Loidhne 46: / Loidhne 46: @@
 |}
-Shuas [huəs] and shìos [hiəs] are simply adverbs of location - nobody is moving.
+<span style="color: #008000;">Shuas</span> [huəs] and <span style="color: #008000;">shìos</span> [hiəs] are simply adverbs of location - nobody is moving.
 {| style="width: 75%;" border="0" align="center"
@@ Loidhne 54: / Loidhne 54: @@
 |}
-This is the fun bit - you have to watch out whether a movement is towards the speaker or away from him. If your cat is running up the stairs in front of you, she is going suas, if you are standing on top of the stairs and your owner is zooming up the stairs towards you, he is coming a-nìos [əˈniəs].
+This is the fun bit - you have to watch out whether a movement is towards the speaker or away from him. If your cat is running up the stairs in front of you, she is going <span style="color: #008000;">suas</span>, if you are standing on top of the stairs and your owner is zooming up the stairs towards you, he is coming <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> [əˈniəs].
-And the other way round - if your owner is running away from you down the stairs, he is going sìos [ʃiəs], if Tiddles is falling down the stairs towards you, she is coming a-nuas [əˈnuəs]. Confusingly, some dialects have merged a-nuas and a-nìos into a-nuas, in which case a-nuas stands for 'movement towards you either up or downwards'.
+And the other way round - if your owner is running away from you down the stairs, he is going <span style="color: #008000;">sìos</span> [ʃiəs], if Tiddles is falling down the stairs towards you, she is coming <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> [əˈnuəs]. Confusingly, some dialects have merged <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas and <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> into <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span>, in which case <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> stands for 'movement towards you either up or downwards'.
-It may help you to think of them as *an-shìos and *an-shuas, from below and from above, which is where these words originally come from which is also the reason why the n at the beginning of a-nuas and a-nìos are weak as if they were word medial or final - because they originally were stuck at the end of an-.
+It may help you to think of them as <span style="color: #008000;">*an-shìos</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">*an-shuas</span>, from below and from above, which is where these words originally come from which is also the reason why the <span style="color: #008000;">n at the beginning of <span style="color: #008000;">a-nuas</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">a-nìos</span> are weak as if they were word medial or final - because they originally were stuck at the end of <span style="color: #008000;">an-</span>.
-But let's move on.  We still have to deal with movement in the thall and a-bhos arena:
+But let's move on.  We still have to deal with movement in the <span style="color: #008000;">thall</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhos</span> arena:
 {| style="width: 75%;" border="0" align="center"
@@ Loidhne 70: / Loidhne 70: @@
 |}
-Pronounced a-nall [əˈnãũL] and a-null [əˈnũːL]. Assuming that, as explained above, a-bhos and thall are considered "fuzzy" concepts. A-nunn [əˈnũːN], which you will sometimes see is just a variant of a-null.
+Pronounced <span style="color: #008000;">a-nall</span> [əˈnãũL] and a-null [əˈnũːL]. Assuming that, as explained above, <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhos</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">thall</span> are considered "fuzzy" concepts. <span style="color: #008000;">A-nunn</span> [əˈnũːN], which you will sometimes see is just a variant of a-null.
 That's it.
-Err ... not quite, as we've had a question about a-bhàn "down" (motion) and an-àird "up" (motion). This used to be a question of Mainland dialects (which used a-bhàn and an-àird) and Island Dialects (which use the above system). Today it's a stylistic question - a-bhàn and an-àird definitely being the marked terms. Which means that they are less common and sound something between off and posh when you use them, although an-àird is more acceptable than a-bhàn.
+Err ... not quite, as we've had a question about <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhàn</span> "down" (motion) and <span style="color: #008000;">an-àird</span> "up" (motion). This used to be a question of Mainland dialects (which used <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhàn</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">an-àird</span>) and Island Dialects (which use the above system). Today it's a stylistic question - <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhàn</span> and <span style="color: #008000;">an-àird</span> definitely being the marked terms. Which means that they are less common and sound something between off and posh when you use them, although <span style="color: #008000;">an-àird</span> is more acceptable than <span style="color: #008000;">a-bhàn</span>.
 <br />
 <br />
 {{BeaganGramair}}